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Predisposed To Aids
Seems to me this was proposed quite a few years ago. Predisposed BY
**oxidative stress** / rust.
Antonio Pérez-Casanova1, Kazim Husain2, 4 , Richard J. Noel Jr.1,
Vanessa Rivera-Amill1 and Anil Kumar1, 3
(1) AIDS Research Program, Ponce School of Medicine, Ponce, PR 00732,
USA
(2) Department of Pharmacology, Ponce School of Medicine, Ponce, PR
00732, USA
(3) Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of
Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
(4) Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ponce
School of Medicine, 7004, Ponce, PR 00732-7004, USA
Received: 7 May 2007 Accepted: 3 October 2007 Published online: 13
October 2007
Abstract A homeostatic balance exists between the cellular generation
of oxidant species and endogenous antioxidants under normal
physiological conditions. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection
is known to affect this balance causing oxidative stress. However, the
interaction of HIV infection with a substance abuse on cellular
oxidant/antioxidant system is sparse. This study was designed in order
to investigate the interactive effect of morphine abuse and Simian
Immunodeficiency Virus/ Simian Human Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV/SHIV)
infection on plasma oxidant/antioxidant balance in rhesus macaques.
Six rhesus macaques adapted to morphine dependence (20 weeks) along
with three controls were infected with mixture of SHIVKU-1B,
SHIV89.6P, and SIV17E-Fr. Plasma samples from morphine-dependent and
control macaques were analyzed for an array of oxidative stress
indices after 16 weeks of infection. Morphine-dependence significantly
increased plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-isoprostane levels (8-
fold and 2-fold), but these animals showed higher MDA and 8-
isoprostane levels after viral infection (18-fold and 4-fold) which
was directly correlated with increase in viral load and decline in
CD4+ cells. Plasma glutathione (GSH) level depleted (55%) with
morphine dependence that was further depleted (25%) by the infection.
Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase
(GSH-Px) were increased by 30% and 110%, respectively with morphine
dependence, but that was decreased by the infection. Catalase (CAT)
activity declined (25%) with morphine dependence that was further
declined by infection. Our results clearly suggest that morphine
interaction with SIV/SHIV infection causes higher oxidative tissue
injury that might have implication in the pathogenesis of AIDS in
morphine-dependent macaques.
Keywords AIDS - Antioxidant - Oxidative stress - Morphine - Plasma -
SIV/SHIV
----------------------------------------------------------------------------=
----
Kazim Husain
Email: kazimhusain@hotmail . com
Who loves ya.
Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
* tinyurl . com /2r2nkh
Man Is A Herbivore!
* tinyurl . com /a3cc3
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
* tinyurl . com /zk9fk
**oxidative stress** / rust.
Antonio Pérez-Casanova1, Kazim Husain2, 4 , Richard J. Noel Jr.1,
Vanessa Rivera-Amill1 and Anil Kumar1, 3
(1) AIDS Research Program, Ponce School of Medicine, Ponce, PR 00732,
USA
(2) Department of Pharmacology, Ponce School of Medicine, Ponce, PR
00732, USA
(3) Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of
Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
(4) Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ponce
School of Medicine, 7004, Ponce, PR 00732-7004, USA
Received: 7 May 2007 Accepted: 3 October 2007 Published online: 13
October 2007
Abstract A homeostatic balance exists between the cellular generation
of oxidant species and endogenous antioxidants under normal
physiological conditions. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection
is known to affect this balance causing oxidative stress. However, the
interaction of HIV infection with a substance abuse on cellular
oxidant/antioxidant system is sparse. This study was designed in order
to investigate the interactive effect of morphine abuse and Simian
Immunodeficiency Virus/ Simian Human Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV/SHIV)
infection on plasma oxidant/antioxidant balance in rhesus macaques.
Six rhesus macaques adapted to morphine dependence (20 weeks) along
with three controls were infected with mixture of SHIVKU-1B,
SHIV89.6P, and SIV17E-Fr. Plasma samples from morphine-dependent and
control macaques were analyzed for an array of oxidative stress
indices after 16 weeks of infection. Morphine-dependence significantly
increased plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-isoprostane levels (8-
fold and 2-fold), but these animals showed higher MDA and 8-
isoprostane levels after viral infection (18-fold and 4-fold) which
was directly correlated with increase in viral load and decline in
CD4+ cells. Plasma glutathione (GSH) level depleted (55%) with
morphine dependence that was further depleted (25%) by the infection.
Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase
(GSH-Px) were increased by 30% and 110%, respectively with morphine
dependence, but that was decreased by the infection. Catalase (CAT)
activity declined (25%) with morphine dependence that was further
declined by infection. Our results clearly suggest that morphine
interaction with SIV/SHIV infection causes higher oxidative tissue
injury that might have implication in the pathogenesis of AIDS in
morphine-dependent macaques.
Keywords AIDS - Antioxidant - Oxidative stress - Morphine - Plasma -
SIV/SHIV
----------------------------------------------------------------------------=
----
Kazim Husain
Email: kazimhusain@hotmail . com
Who loves ya.
Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
* tinyurl . com /2r2nkh
Man Is A Herbivore!
* tinyurl . com /a3cc3
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
* tinyurl . com /zk9fk
