Article: A doctor and a nurse, all in one packageArticle on the University of MN's first DNP grads.
Note complete lack of mention of ADNs.
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As the health care system gets more complex, a new kind of hybrid
practitioner is beginning to work at your local clinic.
By CHEN MAY YEE, Star Tribune
Anne Boisclair-Fahey is used to patients doing a double take when she
introduces herself.
She begins by carefully explaining she's a nurse practitioner, then adds
"You can call me Dr. Anne."
Get ready to meet a new kind of hybrid at your local clinic: the doctor
nurse. They sport name tags with the letters DNP for doctorate of
nursing practice.
Seen as one answer to the looming shortage in physicians, doctor nurses
take the nurse practitioner concept to yet another level. Doctor nurses
are trained in finance, health policy and systems know-how in addition
to core clinical expertise. They can do a lot of what many doctors no
longer have time to do in an increasingly complex health care environment.
While doctor nurses are still a rare breed nationally, that's about to
change dramatically. The first class of 24 doctor nurses graduated in
December from the University of Minnesota's School of Nursing, one of a
handful of schools at the forefront of this trend. All have returned to
their jobs or new positions, some with expanded roles and pay.
Now more than 90 nursing schools have introduced DNP programs and 200
more are about to start. Beginning next year, the University of
Minnesota is converting its entire master's of nursing practice program
into a doctoral course, meaning any nurse practitioner who passes board
exams will be a doctor nurse.
"They are designed to work in collaboration with physicians," said
Connie Delaney, dean of the School of Nursing, "so that very expensive
physicians and specialists can spend their time on other things."
But some physician groups worry that the increasingly fuzzy demarcation
between doctors and nurses may be confusing for patients at best, and
unsafe at worst.
A looming void
Experts are forecasting a shortage of physicians in the country by 2020
because the population has grown even as enrollments in medical schools
have remained flat.
What's more, 36 percent of active physicians are older than 55 and most
will retire by 2020, said Edward Salsberg, director of workforce studies
for the Association of American Medical Colleges. A new generation of
physicians is less willing to work the long hours usually associated
with the profession.
The shortage is already showing up in primary care, which includes
family medicine, pediatrics and internal medicine. This year, U.S.
medical graduates filled just 1,156 of 2,387 residency positions
nationally in family medicine; the rest were filled by foreign medical
graduates. Primary care doctors are paid far less than specialists.
Against this backdrop, nurse practitioners are "a phenomenal
alternative," Delaney said.
There is a parallel movement in dentistry. Dentists are in short supply
in rural areas of Minnesota, and there is a proposal moving through the
Legislature to allow dental hygienists to drill and extract teeth, and
prescribe medication without a dentist on site. The Minnesota Dental
Association opposes the proposal, saying it jeopardizes safety.
Some doctors object
For years, physicians have resisted the notion of a doctor nurse.
The American Academy of Family Physicians, for example, wants it made
clear to patients that nurses with an advanced degree are not the same
as doctors who have been to medical school.
"With four years of medical school and three years of residency
training, physicians' understanding of complex medical issues and
clinical expertise is unequalled," said the academy's president, James King.
Macaran Baird, head of the Department of Family Medicine and Community
Health at the University of Minnesota, says he's not worried about that.
He points out that turf battles are not uncommon in the hierarchical
world of health care.
However, he noted, there's no guarantee that doctor nurses will go into
primary care unless the gap between payments in primary care and
specialty care narrows.
Otherwise, he said, "we have the same risk of them going where the money
is."
Projects show potential
For some nurses, the new title is a validation of what they've been
doing for years.
Registered nurses, or RNs, are those with a bachelor's degree in
nursing. Nurse practitioners have a master's in nursing practice and can
see patients and prescribe drugs, just like doctors.
According to Delaney, there is already an 80 percent overlap between
what nurse practitioners do and what primary care physicians do. The
remaining 20 percent includes minor surgeries such as appendectomies or
vasectomies. Nurse practitioners may also specialize in fields such as
family practice, psychiatry, pediatrics, gerontology or midwifery.
Doctor nurses extend that nurse practitioner role even further with
training positioning them for leadership roles in health organizations
or teaching.
The three-semester program costs $14,500 for Minnesota residents and
$23,500 for nonresidents. Most of the work is Web-based, with students
coming to campus for several intensive weekends of work. So many nurse
practitioners in the first class were able to add the doctor nurse
credential while continuing to work part time.
Their student projects showed the scope and promise of combining a nurse
practitioner's clinical skills with a doctor nurse's new awareness of
health care systems. One student developed and implemented a standard
screening for asthma patients during clinic visits, to ensure proper
follow-up care. Another devised a plan to institute regular bathroom
breaks at school for kids who wet their pants because of medical problems.
Karalee LaBreche, a psychiatric nurse practitioner for Ramsey County who
was in the first class of doctor nurses, looked for ways to get
emergency medication to those who needed it, including going to their
homes. As a result, fewer patients showed up at the emergency room, a
very expensive option.
The project won her an award from the International Society of
Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurses.
More pay, promotions
For some, the new doctor of nursing practice degree has opened doors.
Six graduates have since been offered new positions or promotions, and a
few have gotten modest salary increases, said Sandra Edwardson, director
of the U's DNP program.
For Nicole Lynch, a psychiatric nurse practitioner at Abbott
Northwestern Hospital in Minneapolis, the added training as a doctor
nurse brought expansion of her role beyond outpatient care to inpatient
care, too. For Boisclair-Fahey, who specializes in pediatric urology, it
meant a 3 percent raise and an invitation to sit on a major board.
The proliferation of titles has caused some confusion.
Lynch explained her title to a child patient, who quickly twisted it
around to "Nurse Doctor Lynch."
Most of the time though, she said, they just stick to "Miss Nicole."