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Decrease in running ability with increased hemoglobin
Decrease in running ability with increased hemoglobin
I suppose since a hemoglobin of 14 results in 33% increased ..
death .. I suppose the article below may have sort of a .. medical
'spinmeister' .. to .. it ..?
The "decrease in running ability" .. actually means.. ?
Everyone died .. ?
Am J Hematol. 2006 Oct 4; : 17022048
The prevalence of low hemoglobin values among new infantry recruits
and nonlinear relationship between hemoglobin concentration and
physical fitness.
[My paper] Victor Novack , Aharon S Finestone , Naama Constantini ,
Ofer Shpilberg , Shimon Weitzman , Drorit Merkel
There is limited information regarding the optimal hemoglobin level
for physical activity and most studies followed relatively few
participants. The object of this study was to assess iron storage
levels in a population of healthy young males and their impact on
physical fitness. Blood samples were drawn from 358 consenting
infantry recruits for hemoglobin, iron, ferritin, transferrin, folic
acid, and B(12) levels. A detailed medical and nutritional history was
noted. Recruits performed a field fitness test including a 2,000-m
run. Mean hemoglobin was 13.8 +/- 1.0 g/dl. Level of hemoglobin lower
than 14 and 12 g/dl were found in 53.6% and 4.5% of the recruits,
respectively. Mean ferritin was 57 +/- 34 ng/ml, with 15% of the
recruits under 25 ng/ml. On multivariate analysis, after adjusting for
pre-induction sports activity (P < 0.001), intermediate pre-induction
hemoglobin level (12-14 g/dl) was associated with significantly faster
2,000-m running time (530 +/- 69 s, n = 176) than both the lower
hemoglobin group (570 +/- 77 s, n = 16) and the higher hemoglobin
group (552 +/- 86 s, n = 166, P < 0.05). The subjects in this study
were non-athletic healthy young men. The high rate of abnormally low
hemoglobin and ferritin values probably indicates a nutritional
deficit in this population. The slower running results in the group
with hemoglobin below 12 g/dl are in line with previous work,
indicating the need for iron supplementation. The decrease in running
ability with increased hemoglobin above 14 g/dl is surprising and will
need further evaluation. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss,
Inc.
Who loves ya.
Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
* jesuswasavegetarian.7h . com
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DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
* tinyurl . com /zk9fk
I suppose since a hemoglobin of 14 results in 33% increased ..
death .. I suppose the article below may have sort of a .. medical
'spinmeister' .. to .. it ..?
The "decrease in running ability" .. actually means.. ?
Everyone died .. ?
Am J Hematol. 2006 Oct 4; : 17022048
The prevalence of low hemoglobin values among new infantry recruits
and nonlinear relationship between hemoglobin concentration and
physical fitness.
[My paper] Victor Novack , Aharon S Finestone , Naama Constantini ,
Ofer Shpilberg , Shimon Weitzman , Drorit Merkel
There is limited information regarding the optimal hemoglobin level
for physical activity and most studies followed relatively few
participants. The object of this study was to assess iron storage
levels in a population of healthy young males and their impact on
physical fitness. Blood samples were drawn from 358 consenting
infantry recruits for hemoglobin, iron, ferritin, transferrin, folic
acid, and B(12) levels. A detailed medical and nutritional history was
noted. Recruits performed a field fitness test including a 2,000-m
run. Mean hemoglobin was 13.8 +/- 1.0 g/dl. Level of hemoglobin lower
than 14 and 12 g/dl were found in 53.6% and 4.5% of the recruits,
respectively. Mean ferritin was 57 +/- 34 ng/ml, with 15% of the
recruits under 25 ng/ml. On multivariate analysis, after adjusting for
pre-induction sports activity (P < 0.001), intermediate pre-induction
hemoglobin level (12-14 g/dl) was associated with significantly faster
2,000-m running time (530 +/- 69 s, n = 176) than both the lower
hemoglobin group (570 +/- 77 s, n = 16) and the higher hemoglobin
group (552 +/- 86 s, n = 166, P < 0.05). The subjects in this study
were non-athletic healthy young men. The high rate of abnormally low
hemoglobin and ferritin values probably indicates a nutritional
deficit in this population. The slower running results in the group
with hemoglobin below 12 g/dl are in line with previous work,
indicating the need for iron supplementation. The decrease in running
ability with increased hemoglobin above 14 g/dl is surprising and will
need further evaluation. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss,
Inc.
Who loves ya.
Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
* jesuswasavegetarian.7h . com
Man Is A Herbivore!
* tinyurl . com /a3cc3
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
* tinyurl . com /zk9fk
Re: Decrease in running ability with increased hemoglobin
This is a very good case and it should be discussed properly
ironjustice@aol . com wrote:
> I suppose since a hemoglobin of 14 results in 33% increased ..
> death .. I suppose the article below may have sort of a .. medical
> 'spinmeister' .. to .. it ..?
>
> The "decrease in running ability" .. actually means.. ?
>
> Everyone died .. ?
>
> Am J Hematol. 2006 Oct 4; : 17022048
> The prevalence of low hemoglobin values among new infantry recruits
> and nonlinear relationship between hemoglobin concentration and
> physical fitness.
> [My paper] Victor Novack , Aharon S Finestone , Naama Constantini ,
> Ofer Shpilberg , Shimon Weitzman , Drorit Merkel
> There is limited information regarding the optimal hemoglobin level
> for physical activity and most studies followed relatively few
> participants. The object of this study was to assess iron storage
> levels in a population of healthy young males and their impact on
> physical fitness. Blood samples were drawn from 358 consenting
> infantry recruits for hemoglobin, iron, ferritin, transferrin, folic
> acid, and B(12) levels. A detailed medical and nutritional history was
> noted. Recruits performed a field fitness test including a 2,000-m
> run. Mean hemoglobin was 13.8 +/- 1.0 g/dl. Level of hemoglobin lower
> than 14 and 12 g/dl were found in 53.6% and 4.5% of the recruits,
> respectively. Mean ferritin was 57 +/- 34 ng/ml, with 15% of the
> recruits under 25 ng/ml. On multivariate analysis, after adjusting for
> pre-induction sports activity (P < 0.001), intermediate pre-induction
> hemoglobin level (12-14 g/dl) was associated with significantly faster
> 2,000-m running time (530 +/- 69 s, n = 176) than both the lower
> hemoglobin group (570 +/- 77 s, n = 16) and the higher hemoglobin
> group (552 +/- 86 s, n = 166, P < 0.05). The subjects in this study
> were non-athletic healthy young men. The high rate of abnormally low
> hemoglobin and ferritin values probably indicates a nutritional
> deficit in this population. The slower running results in the group
> with hemoglobin below 12 g/dl are in line with previous work,
> indicating the need for iron supplementation. The decrease in running
> ability with increased hemoglobin above 14 g/dl is surprising and will
> need further evaluation. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss,
> Inc.
>
>
> Who loves ya.
> Tom
>
>
> Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
> * jesuswasavegetarian.7h . com
>
>
> Man Is A Herbivore!
> * tinyurl . com /a3cc3
>
>
> DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
> * tinyurl . com /zk9fk
This is a very good case and it should be discussed properly
ironjustice@aol . com wrote:
> I suppose since a hemoglobin of 14 results in 33% increased ..
> death .. I suppose the article below may have sort of a .. medical
> 'spinmeister' .. to .. it ..?
>
> The "decrease in running ability" .. actually means.. ?
>
> Everyone died .. ?
>
> Am J Hematol. 2006 Oct 4; : 17022048
> The prevalence of low hemoglobin values among new infantry recruits
> and nonlinear relationship between hemoglobin concentration and
> physical fitness.
> [My paper] Victor Novack , Aharon S Finestone , Naama Constantini ,
> Ofer Shpilberg , Shimon Weitzman , Drorit Merkel
> There is limited information regarding the optimal hemoglobin level
> for physical activity and most studies followed relatively few
> participants. The object of this study was to assess iron storage
> levels in a population of healthy young males and their impact on
> physical fitness. Blood samples were drawn from 358 consenting
> infantry recruits for hemoglobin, iron, ferritin, transferrin, folic
> acid, and B(12) levels. A detailed medical and nutritional history was
> noted. Recruits performed a field fitness test including a 2,000-m
> run. Mean hemoglobin was 13.8 +/- 1.0 g/dl. Level of hemoglobin lower
> than 14 and 12 g/dl were found in 53.6% and 4.5% of the recruits,
> respectively. Mean ferritin was 57 +/- 34 ng/ml, with 15% of the
> recruits under 25 ng/ml. On multivariate analysis, after adjusting for
> pre-induction sports activity (P < 0.001), intermediate pre-induction
> hemoglobin level (12-14 g/dl) was associated with significantly faster
> 2,000-m running time (530 +/- 69 s, n = 176) than both the lower
> hemoglobin group (570 +/- 77 s, n = 16) and the higher hemoglobin
> group (552 +/- 86 s, n = 166, P < 0.05). The subjects in this study
> were non-athletic healthy young men. The high rate of abnormally low
> hemoglobin and ferritin values probably indicates a nutritional
> deficit in this population. The slower running results in the group
> with hemoglobin below 12 g/dl are in line with previous work,
> indicating the need for iron supplementation. The decrease in running
> ability with increased hemoglobin above 14 g/dl is surprising and will
> need further evaluation. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss,
> Inc.
>
>
> Who loves ya.
> Tom
>
>
> Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
> * jesuswasavegetarian.7h . com
>
>
> Man Is A Herbivore!
> * tinyurl . com /a3cc3
>
>
> DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
> * tinyurl . com /zk9fk
Re: Decrease in running ability with increased hemoglobin
<zebaamir@gmail . com > wrote in message
news:1173005088.689431.124540@8g2000cwh.googlegroups . com ...
> This is a very good case and it should be discussed properly
>>ironjustice@aol . com wrote:
>> A detailed medical and nutritional history was
>> noted.
>> The high rate of abnormally low
>> hemoglobin and ferritin values probably indicates a nutritional
>> deficit in this population. The slower running results in the group
>> with hemoglobin below 12 g/dl are in line with previous work,
>> indicating the need for iron supplementation.
>>The decrease in running
>> ability with increased hemoglobin above 14 g/dl is surprising and will
>> need further evaluation.
Agree - it *should* be discussed properly
<zebaamir@gmail . com > wrote in message
news:1173005088.689431.124540@8g2000cwh.googlegroups . com ...
> This is a very good case and it should be discussed properly
>>ironjustice@aol . com wrote:
>> A detailed medical and nutritional history was
>> noted.
>> The high rate of abnormally low
>> hemoglobin and ferritin values probably indicates a nutritional
>> deficit in this population. The slower running results in the group
>> with hemoglobin below 12 g/dl are in line with previous work,
>> indicating the need for iron supplementation.
>>The decrease in running
>> ability with increased hemoglobin above 14 g/dl is surprising and will
>> need further evaluation.
Agree - it *should* be discussed properly
Re: Decrease in running ability with increased hemoglobin
>>On Mar 4, 2:44 am, zebaa...@gmail . com wrote:
This is a very good case and it should be discussed properly<<
What .. you don't .. **understand** .. the article .. ?
You .. need .. to 'discuss' .. it .. do .. ya ..
Good luck ..
A discussion would .. imply .. SOMEONE .. does .. understand .. it ..
You will notice .. those that DID .. respond .. ? .. did NOT ..
discuss ..
Because .. ?
Lack of .. **understanding** ..
Heh .. heh ..
>
>
>
> ironjust...@aol . com wrote:
> > I suppose since a hemoglobin of 14 results in 33% increased ..
> > death .. I suppose the article below may have sort of a .. medical
> > 'spinmeister' .. to .. it ..?
>
> > The "decrease in running ability" .. actually means.. ?
>
> > Everyone died .. ?
>
> > Am J Hematol. 2006 Oct 4; : 17022048
> > The prevalence of low hemoglobin values among new infantry recruits
> > and nonlinear relationship between hemoglobin concentration and
> > physical fitness.
> > [My paper] Victor Novack , Aharon S Finestone , Naama Constantini ,
> > Ofer Shpilberg , Shimon Weitzman , Drorit Merkel
> > There is limited information regarding the optimal hemoglobin level
> > for physical activity and most studies followed relatively few
> > participants. The object of this study was to assess iron storage
> > levels in a population of healthy young males and their impact on
> > physical fitness. Blood samples were drawn from 358 consenting
> > infantry recruits for hemoglobin, iron, ferritin, transferrin, folic
> > acid, and B(12) levels. A detailed medical and nutritional history was
> > noted. Recruits performed a field fitness test including a 2,000-m
> > run. Mean hemoglobin was 13.8 +/- 1.0 g/dl. Level of hemoglobin lower
> > than 14 and 12 g/dl were found in 53.6% and 4.5% of the recruits,
> > respectively. Mean ferritin was 57 +/- 34 ng/ml, with 15% of the
> > recruits under 25 ng/ml. On multivariate analysis, after adjusting for
> > pre-induction sports activity (P < 0.001), intermediate pre-induction
> > hemoglobin level (12-14 g/dl) was associated with significantly faster
> > 2,000-m running time (530 +/- 69 s, n = 176) than both the lower
> > hemoglobin group (570 +/- 77 s, n = 16) and the higher hemoglobin
> > group (552 +/- 86 s, n = 166, P < 0.05). The subjects in this study
> > were non-athletic healthy young men. The high rate of abnormally low
> > hemoglobin and ferritin values probably indicates a nutritional
> > deficit in this population. The slower running results in the group
> > with hemoglobin below 12 g/dl are in line with previous work,
> > indicating the need for iron supplementation. The decrease in running
> > ability with increased hemoglobin above 14 g/dl is surprising and will
> > need further evaluation. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss,
> > Inc.
Who loves ya.
Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
* jesuswasavegetarian.7h . com
Man Is A Herbivore!
* tinyurl . com /a3cc3
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
* tinyurl . com /zk9fk- Hide quoted text -
>>On Mar 4, 2:44 am, zebaa...@gmail . com wrote:
This is a very good case and it should be discussed properly<<
What .. you don't .. **understand** .. the article .. ?
You .. need .. to 'discuss' .. it .. do .. ya ..
Good luck ..
A discussion would .. imply .. SOMEONE .. does .. understand .. it ..
You will notice .. those that DID .. respond .. ? .. did NOT ..
discuss ..
Because .. ?
Lack of .. **understanding** ..
Heh .. heh ..
>
>
>
> ironjust...@aol . com wrote:
> > I suppose since a hemoglobin of 14 results in 33% increased ..
> > death .. I suppose the article below may have sort of a .. medical
> > 'spinmeister' .. to .. it ..?
>
> > The "decrease in running ability" .. actually means.. ?
>
> > Everyone died .. ?
>
> > Am J Hematol. 2006 Oct 4; : 17022048
> > The prevalence of low hemoglobin values among new infantry recruits
> > and nonlinear relationship between hemoglobin concentration and
> > physical fitness.
> > [My paper] Victor Novack , Aharon S Finestone , Naama Constantini ,
> > Ofer Shpilberg , Shimon Weitzman , Drorit Merkel
> > There is limited information regarding the optimal hemoglobin level
> > for physical activity and most studies followed relatively few
> > participants. The object of this study was to assess iron storage
> > levels in a population of healthy young males and their impact on
> > physical fitness. Blood samples were drawn from 358 consenting
> > infantry recruits for hemoglobin, iron, ferritin, transferrin, folic
> > acid, and B(12) levels. A detailed medical and nutritional history was
> > noted. Recruits performed a field fitness test including a 2,000-m
> > run. Mean hemoglobin was 13.8 +/- 1.0 g/dl. Level of hemoglobin lower
> > than 14 and 12 g/dl were found in 53.6% and 4.5% of the recruits,
> > respectively. Mean ferritin was 57 +/- 34 ng/ml, with 15% of the
> > recruits under 25 ng/ml. On multivariate analysis, after adjusting for
> > pre-induction sports activity (P < 0.001), intermediate pre-induction
> > hemoglobin level (12-14 g/dl) was associated with significantly faster
> > 2,000-m running time (530 +/- 69 s, n = 176) than both the lower
> > hemoglobin group (570 +/- 77 s, n = 16) and the higher hemoglobin
> > group (552 +/- 86 s, n = 166, P < 0.05). The subjects in this study
> > were non-athletic healthy young men. The high rate of abnormally low
> > hemoglobin and ferritin values probably indicates a nutritional
> > deficit in this population. The slower running results in the group
> > with hemoglobin below 12 g/dl are in line with previous work,
> > indicating the need for iron supplementation. The decrease in running
> > ability with increased hemoglobin above 14 g/dl is surprising and will
> > need further evaluation. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss,
> > Inc.
Who loves ya.
Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
* jesuswasavegetarian.7h . com
Man Is A Herbivore!
* tinyurl . com /a3cc3
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
* tinyurl . com /zk9fk- Hide quoted text -
Re: Decrease in running ability with increased hemoglobin
On Mar 4, 8:11 am, "ironjust...@aol . com " <ironjust...@aol . com > wrote:
> >>On Mar 4, 2:44 am, zebaa...@gmail . com wrote:
>
> This is a very good case and it should be discussed properly<<
>
> What .. you don't .. **understand** .. the article .. ?
>
> You .. need .. to 'discuss' .. it .. do .. ya ..
>
> Good luck ..
>
> A discussion would .. imply .. SOMEONE .. does .. understand .. it ..
>
> You will notice .. those that DID .. respond .. ? .. did NOT ..
> discuss ..
>
> Because .. ?
>
> Lack of .. **understanding** ..
>
> Heh .. heh ..
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> > ironjust...@aol . com wrote:
> > > I suppose since a hemoglobin of 14 results in 33% increased ..
> > > death .. I suppose the article below may have sort of a .. medical
> > > 'spinmeister' .. to .. it ..?
>
> > > The "decrease in running ability" .. actually means.. ?
>
> > > Everyone died .. ?
>
> > > Am J Hematol. 2006 Oct 4; : 17022048
> > > The prevalence of low hemoglobin values among new infantry recruits
> > > and nonlinear relationship between hemoglobin concentration and
> > > physical fitness.
> > > [My paper] Victor Novack , Aharon S Finestone , Naama Constantini ,
> > > Ofer Shpilberg , Shimon Weitzman , Drorit Merkel
> > > There is limited information regarding the optimal hemoglobin level
> > > for physical activity and most studies followed relatively few
> > > participants. The object of this study was to assess iron storage
> > > levels in a population of healthy young males and their impact on
> > > physical fitness. Blood samples were drawn from 358 consenting
> > > infantry recruits for hemoglobin, iron, ferritin, transferrin, folic
> > > acid, and B(12) levels. A detailed medical and nutritional history was
> > > noted. Recruits performed a field fitness test including a 2,000-m
> > > run. Mean hemoglobin was 13.8 +/- 1.0 g/dl. Level of hemoglobin lower
> > > than 14 and 12 g/dl were found in 53.6% and 4.5% of the recruits,
> > > respectively. Mean ferritin was 57 +/- 34 ng/ml, with 15% of the
> > > recruits under 25 ng/ml. On multivariate analysis, after adjusting for
> > > pre-induction sports activity (P < 0.001), intermediate pre-induction
> > > hemoglobin level (12-14 g/dl) was associated with significantly faster
> > > 2,000-m running time (530 +/- 69 s, n = 176) than both the lower
> > > hemoglobin group (570 +/- 77 s, n = 16) and the higher hemoglobin
> > > group (552 +/- 86 s, n = 166, P < 0.05). The subjects in this study
> > > were non-athletic healthy young men. The high rate of abnormally low
> > > hemoglobin and ferritin values probably indicates a nutritional
> > > deficit in this population. The slower running results in the group
> > > with hemoglobin below 12 g/dl are in line with previous work,
> > > indicating the need for iron supplementation. The decrease in running
> > > ability with increased hemoglobin above 14 g/dl is surprising and will
> > > need further evaluation. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss,
> > > Inc.
>
> Who loves ya.
> Tom
>
> Jesus Was A Vegetarian! * jesuswasavegetarian.7h . com
>
> Man Is A Herbivore! * tinyurl . com /a3cc3
>
> DEAD PEOPLE WALKING * tinyurl . com /zk9fk-Hide quoted text -- Hide quo=
ted text -
>
> - Show quoted text -
<<snip>>
it is possible to control anemia by adding ascorbic acid to drinking
water
<<snip>>
Effect of fortification of drinking water with iron plus ascorbic
acid
or with ascorbic acid alone on hemoglobin values and anthropometric
indicators in preschool children in day-care centers in Southeast
Brazil.
de Almeida CA, Dutra-De-Oliveira JE, Crott GC, Cantolini A, Ricco RG,
Del Ciampo LA, Baptista ME
Food Nutr Bull. 2005 Sep ; 26(3): 259-65
BACKGROUND: Iron-deficiency anemia currently is the most frequently
occurring nutritional disorder world-wide. Previous Brazilian studies
have demonstrated that drinking water fortified with iron and
ascorbic
acid is an adequate vehicle for improving the iron supply for
children
frequenting day-care centers. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study
was to clarify the role of ascorbic acid as a vehicle for improving
iron intake in children in day-care centers in Brazil. METHODS: A
six-month study was conducted on 150 children frequenting six day-
care
centers divided into two groups of three day-care centers by drawing
lots: the iron-C group (3 day-care centers, n = 74), which used water
fortified with 10 mg elemental iron and 100 mg ascorbic acid per
liter,
and the comparison group (3 day-care centers, n = 76), which used
water
containing only 100 mg ascorbic acid per liter. Anthropometric
measurements and determinations of capillary hemoglobin were
performed
at the beginning of the study and after six months of intervention.
The
food offered at the day-care centers was also analyzed. RESULTS: The
food offered at the day-care center was found to be deficient in
ascorbic acid, poor in heme iron, and adequate in non-heme iron.
Supplementation with fortified drinking water resulted in a decrease
in
the prevalence of anemia and an increase in mean hemoglobin levels
associated with height gain in both groups. CONCLUSIONS:
Fortification
of drinking water with iron has previously demonstrated effectiveness
in increasing iron supplies. This simple strategy was confirmed in
the
present study. The present study also demonstrated that for
populations
receiving an abundant supply of non-heme iron, it is possible to
control anemia in a simple, safe, and inexpensive manner by adding
ascorbic acid to drinking water.
Abstract · PubMed · FullText · SFX · GS · Order · Clip ·
Citation · BibTeX · Related · TouchGraph · References · Tag
tags: annotation:
Who loves ya.
Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
* jesuswasavegetarian.7h . com
Man Is A Herbivore!
* tinyurl . com /a3cc3
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
* tinyurl . com /zk9fk
On Mar 4, 8:11 am, "ironjust...@aol . com " <ironjust...@aol . com > wrote:
> >>On Mar 4, 2:44 am, zebaa...@gmail . com wrote:
>
> This is a very good case and it should be discussed properly<<
>
> What .. you don't .. **understand** .. the article .. ?
>
> You .. need .. to 'discuss' .. it .. do .. ya ..
>
> Good luck ..
>
> A discussion would .. imply .. SOMEONE .. does .. understand .. it ..
>
> You will notice .. those that DID .. respond .. ? .. did NOT ..
> discuss ..
>
> Because .. ?
>
> Lack of .. **understanding** ..
>
> Heh .. heh ..
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> > ironjust...@aol . com wrote:
> > > I suppose since a hemoglobin of 14 results in 33% increased ..
> > > death .. I suppose the article below may have sort of a .. medical
> > > 'spinmeister' .. to .. it ..?
>
> > > The "decrease in running ability" .. actually means.. ?
>
> > > Everyone died .. ?
>
> > > Am J Hematol. 2006 Oct 4; : 17022048
> > > The prevalence of low hemoglobin values among new infantry recruits
> > > and nonlinear relationship between hemoglobin concentration and
> > > physical fitness.
> > > [My paper] Victor Novack , Aharon S Finestone , Naama Constantini ,
> > > Ofer Shpilberg , Shimon Weitzman , Drorit Merkel
> > > There is limited information regarding the optimal hemoglobin level
> > > for physical activity and most studies followed relatively few
> > > participants. The object of this study was to assess iron storage
> > > levels in a population of healthy young males and their impact on
> > > physical fitness. Blood samples were drawn from 358 consenting
> > > infantry recruits for hemoglobin, iron, ferritin, transferrin, folic
> > > acid, and B(12) levels. A detailed medical and nutritional history was
> > > noted. Recruits performed a field fitness test including a 2,000-m
> > > run. Mean hemoglobin was 13.8 +/- 1.0 g/dl. Level of hemoglobin lower
> > > than 14 and 12 g/dl were found in 53.6% and 4.5% of the recruits,
> > > respectively. Mean ferritin was 57 +/- 34 ng/ml, with 15% of the
> > > recruits under 25 ng/ml. On multivariate analysis, after adjusting for
> > > pre-induction sports activity (P < 0.001), intermediate pre-induction
> > > hemoglobin level (12-14 g/dl) was associated with significantly faster
> > > 2,000-m running time (530 +/- 69 s, n = 176) than both the lower
> > > hemoglobin group (570 +/- 77 s, n = 16) and the higher hemoglobin
> > > group (552 +/- 86 s, n = 166, P < 0.05). The subjects in this study
> > > were non-athletic healthy young men. The high rate of abnormally low
> > > hemoglobin and ferritin values probably indicates a nutritional
> > > deficit in this population. The slower running results in the group
> > > with hemoglobin below 12 g/dl are in line with previous work,
> > > indicating the need for iron supplementation. The decrease in running
> > > ability with increased hemoglobin above 14 g/dl is surprising and will
> > > need further evaluation. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss,
> > > Inc.
>
> Who loves ya.
> Tom
>
> Jesus Was A Vegetarian! * jesuswasavegetarian.7h . com
>
> Man Is A Herbivore! * tinyurl . com /a3cc3
>
> DEAD PEOPLE WALKING * tinyurl . com /zk9fk-Hide quoted text -- Hide quo=
ted text -
>
> - Show quoted text -
<<snip>>
it is possible to control anemia by adding ascorbic acid to drinking
water
<<snip>>
Effect of fortification of drinking water with iron plus ascorbic
acid
or with ascorbic acid alone on hemoglobin values and anthropometric
indicators in preschool children in day-care centers in Southeast
Brazil.
de Almeida CA, Dutra-De-Oliveira JE, Crott GC, Cantolini A, Ricco RG,
Del Ciampo LA, Baptista ME
Food Nutr Bull. 2005 Sep ; 26(3): 259-65
BACKGROUND: Iron-deficiency anemia currently is the most frequently
occurring nutritional disorder world-wide. Previous Brazilian studies
have demonstrated that drinking water fortified with iron and
ascorbic
acid is an adequate vehicle for improving the iron supply for
children
frequenting day-care centers. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study
was to clarify the role of ascorbic acid as a vehicle for improving
iron intake in children in day-care centers in Brazil. METHODS: A
six-month study was conducted on 150 children frequenting six day-
care
centers divided into two groups of three day-care centers by drawing
lots: the iron-C group (3 day-care centers, n = 74), which used water
fortified with 10 mg elemental iron and 100 mg ascorbic acid per
liter,
and the comparison group (3 day-care centers, n = 76), which used
water
containing only 100 mg ascorbic acid per liter. Anthropometric
measurements and determinations of capillary hemoglobin were
performed
at the beginning of the study and after six months of intervention.
The
food offered at the day-care centers was also analyzed. RESULTS: The
food offered at the day-care center was found to be deficient in
ascorbic acid, poor in heme iron, and adequate in non-heme iron.
Supplementation with fortified drinking water resulted in a decrease
in
the prevalence of anemia and an increase in mean hemoglobin levels
associated with height gain in both groups. CONCLUSIONS:
Fortification
of drinking water with iron has previously demonstrated effectiveness
in increasing iron supplies. This simple strategy was confirmed in
the
present study. The present study also demonstrated that for
populations
receiving an abundant supply of non-heme iron, it is possible to
control anemia in a simple, safe, and inexpensive manner by adding
ascorbic acid to drinking water.
Abstract · PubMed · FullText · SFX · GS · Order · Clip ·
Citation · BibTeX · Related · TouchGraph · References · Tag
tags: annotation:
Who loves ya.
Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
* jesuswasavegetarian.7h . com
Man Is A Herbivore!
* tinyurl . com /a3cc3
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
* tinyurl . com /zk9fk
Re: Decrease in running ability with increased hemoglobin
<ironjustice@aol . com > wrote in message
news:1173024707.459207.83400@s48g2000cws.googlegroups . com ...
>>>On Mar 4, 2:44 am, zebaa...@gmail . com wrote:
> This is a very good case and it should be discussed properly<<
>
> What .. you don't .. **understand** .. the article .. ?
>
> You .. need .. to 'discuss' .. it .. do .. ya ..
>
> Good luck ..
" The subjects in this study were non-athletic healthy young men. The high
rate of abnormally low hemoglobin and ferritin values probably indicates a
nutritional deficit in this population"
But I have been led to beleive this is impossible ?
<ironjustice@aol . com > wrote in message
news:1173024707.459207.83400@s48g2000cws.googlegroups . com ...
>>>On Mar 4, 2:44 am, zebaa...@gmail . com wrote:
> This is a very good case and it should be discussed properly<<
>
> What .. you don't .. **understand** .. the article .. ?
>
> You .. need .. to 'discuss' .. it .. do .. ya ..
>
> Good luck ..
" The subjects in this study were non-athletic healthy young men. The high
rate of abnormally low hemoglobin and ferritin values probably indicates a
nutritional deficit in this population"
But I have been led to beleive this is impossible ?
Re: Decrease in running ability with increased hemoglobin
>>" The subjects in this study were non-athletic healthy young men. The high
rate of abnormally low hemoglobin and ferritin values probably
indicates a
nutritional deficit in this population"
But I have been led to beleive this is impossible ? <<
What is impossible .. ?
A nutritional deficit .. ?
Which nutritional deficit .. ?
Iron .. ?
"non-athletic healthy young men"
**Men** who are .. iron deficient .. ?
Does that .. exist .. ?
Sooo .. it must mean .. the SAME .. as in Indian anemia or Brazilian
anemia .. both treated with vitamin C .. and cured ..
No lack of iron .. lack of vitamin C ..
"we instead suggest vitamin C tablets (500 mg) to be
given twice daily after every major meal. This will improve iron
status and correct anemia as shown in this study. In contrast to
iron
preparations ascorbic acid is well tolerated, quite palatable and
harmless. "
CORRECTION OF ANEMIA AND IRON DEFICIENCY IN VEGETARIANS BY
ADMINISTRATION OF
ASCORBIC ACID
DINESH C. SHARMA* AND RATI MATHUR
*Corresponding Author
Department of Biochemistry S M S Medical College, Jaipur - 302
004
(Received on December 8, 1994)
Abstract: Twenty-eight strict vegetarians were given 500 mg
ascorbic
acid twice daily after lunch and dinner for two months. Hemoglobin
and
certain iron status parameters were measured before and after the
treatment. Ascorbate treatment increased mean hemoglobin by 8%,
serum
iron by 17% and transferrin saturation by 23% and decreased total
iron
binding capacity by 7%. All these changes were statistically
significant. The rise in serum ferritin was 12%. The serum protein
or
copper level did not indicate their dietary deficiency, while
initial
serum ascorbate level were low which rose by 60% on therapy. It is
concluded that ascorbate supplementation is a better method of
improving hematologic and iron status than iron salt
administration.
Key words: ascorbic acid, iron deficiency, anemia, vegetarians,
hemoglobin, iron, ferritin
INTRODUCTION
Anemia is the second most common affliction in the world and iron
deficiency is the most common cause of it (1). The incidence of
iron
deficiency anemia is much greater in India than western countries,
despite the fact that daily iron intake of Indians is twice that
of
westerners (2, 3). This apparent paradox is attributed to
consumption
of predominantly cereal based diet, rich in phytate, oxalates,
phosphates, fiber and other inhibitors of iron absorption, by the
majority of Indians who practice vegetarianism on account of
religion
or poverty (4, 5). So we had found significantly lower serum iron
in
healthy vegetarians as compared to healthy non-vegetarians (6).
Similarly vegetarian parturient women had significantly lower
hemoglobin, serum iron and transferrin saturation in comparison to
their non-vegetarian counterparts (7). Recently in a closely
matched
study all the parameters (hemoglobin, serum iron, transferrin
saturation and ferritin) were significantly lower in vegetarian
women
and their newborns, respectively, despite having received
supplemental
iron (Ferrous sulphate=60 mg Fe) for about six months during
antenatal
period (5). The absence of expected response in hemoglobin
regeneration was perhaps due to the fact the vegetarian diet was
not
deficient in iron but some other nutrient. The dietary survey of
vegetarian mothers revealed that their diet was lacking in
ascorbic
acid as the consumption of fruits and citrus fruits was meagre
(5).
The present study was, therefore, undertaken to see the effect of
administration of ascorbic acid on hemoglobin and iron status of
strictly vegetarian people.
METHODS
The subjects of this study were taken from the staff of the
Department
of Biochemistry, medical and nursing students, neighbours etc. who
volunteered for the study and were vegetarians. All person were
known
to be healthy so that the drug compliance could be checked
frequently
and follow up was easy. They were selected on the basis of their
dietary habit (vegetarianism) rather than initial hemoglobin
level.
All the subjects were free from infection and inflammation which
are
known to affect serum iron, total iron binding capacity and
ferritin
values (3).
The study started with 36 persons but ended with 28; eight persons
discontinued vitamin tablets or were erratic in taking them. All
the
subjects were asked to take a 500 mg ascorbic acid tablet (Celin,
Glaxo) within half an hour after lunch and dinner regularly for
two
months. Then each person received 1 gm ascorbic acid daily and a
total
of 60 gm during the study. The dose was not large enough to cause
any
harmful effect. No one had complained of any side effect. The
subjects
were not allowed to take any hematinic during this study.
The blood was collected before and after the drug trial. The
following
estimations were performed on both the samples immediately after
the
collection - blood hemoglobin (Hb) (cyanmethemoglobin method),
serum
iron (8), total iron binding capacity (TIBC) (8), percent
saturation
(PS), (by calculation), serum ferritin (9), serum copper (10),
total
proteins (11) and ascorbic acid (12).
An oral questionnaire method was used to find out the details of
the
diet intake and dietary habits of all the subjects studied.
The results were statistically analyzed by the paired `t' test
(13).
The critical level of significance was 5 percent (probability,
0.05).
RESULTS
Out of 28 subjects of this study, 10 were male, 18 were female, and
28
had initial Hb level below the WHO normal range. Their age ranged
between 18-50 years. All were vegetarians and had regularly taken
vitamin C tablets. This is confirmed by a rise in ascorbic acid of
about 60% in two months time (Table I)
The pre- and post-treatment values are shown in Table I. There was
a
statistically significant rise in blood hemoglobin, highly
significant
rise in serum iron and a significant fall in total iron binding
capacity. The rise in transferrin saturation of plasma was highly
significant. Interestingly, the response to therapy was better in
those who were iron deficient/anemic. Serum ferritin level also
showed
a rise but statistically insignificant. It may be because (i) the
normal range of serum ferritin is very wide, (ii) increased iron
was
preferentially utilized for hemoglobin regeneration rather than
storage, and (iii) ferritin reflects storage iron which was not
expected to rise appreciably in such a short time.
TABLE I. : Hematalogic and iron status of vegetarians before and
after
ascorbate treatment
Parameter
Pre-treatment level
Post-treatment level
"t"
(paired)
"P"
Percent
rise
Hemoglobin (g/dl) 10.10 ± 01.80 10.90 ± 01.40 5.81 <0.001 07.90
Iron (µg/dl) 63.70 ± 13.70 74.50 ± 13.00 6.36 <0.001 16.90
Total Iron Binding Capacity (µg/dl) 325.30 ± 49.60 301.70 ±55.40
-3.62
<0.010 -07.20
Percent Saturation (%) 19.90 ± 05.40 24.40 ± 04.90 4.32 <0.001
22.60
Ferritin (ng/ml) 39.90 ± 39.30 44.70 ± 40.80 1.23 NS 12.00
Ascorbic Acid (mg/dl) 00.47 ± 00.10 00.75 ± 00.20 7.03 <0.001
59.50
Total Proteins (g/dl) 08.33 ± 00.47 06.42 ± 00.43 0.09 NS 01.40
Copper (µg/dl ) 80.90 ± 18.00 81.40 ± 19.30 0.53 NS 00.60
All values are Mean ± SD; NS-Indicates Not Significant
DISCUSSION
The improvement in iron status and correction of anemia in
vegetarians
by giving only ascorbic acid is a very important finding. Such
studies
were also conducted in the past but the results were not
conclusive
(14), because the studies were multifactorial (14).
The role of ascorbic acid in iron metabolism is manyfold. It
reduces
ferric iron to ferrous form which is then absorbed, lowers the pH
which is conducive to iron absorption, reverses the inhibitory
effect
of phytate, oxalate, phosphate etc., and also forms chelate with
iron
for absorption (15).
As dietary proteins and copper also affect iron absorption and
utilization, so in this study total serum proteins and serum
copper
were also estimated. Their levels were within normal range (16)
suggesting nutritional adequacy of these nutrients. On the other
hand
ascorbate level in serum was low or on the lower side of normal
(16)
indicating inadequate vitamin C nutrition. This confirms our
contention of Vitamin C nutritional inadequacy in vegetarian
population on account of meagre intake of fruits, especially
citrus
fruits (5). The intake of fruits by subjects of present study was
also
very bow, as revealed by diet survey during oral questionnaire.
The control of nutritional anemia is one of the national health
programme of Government of India (17) and pregnant women are
advised
to take ferrous sulphate tablets. As iron preparations did not
give
desired response in our previous study (5) and are not well
tolerated
by many persons we instead suggest vitamin C tablets (500 mg) to
be
given twice daily after every major meal. This will improve iron
status and correct anemia as shown in this study. In contrast to
iron
preparations ascorbic acid is well tolerated, quite palatable and
harmless. The risk of forming oxalate stones was reported with
only
megadoses of vitamin C (18), and even this was not confirmed in
experimental animals (19). In addition, the daily consumption of
vitamin C may confer following benefits (20) - prevent common cold
and
other viral infections, retard atherosclerosis, decrease risk of
cancer, slow down ageing and reduce toxicity of metals.
It is hoped that this study will stimulate further work in this
field
and that physicians will see the need for prescribing vitamin `C'
tablets instead of iron tablets for amelioration of anemia or iron
deficiency, especially because men and women need to absorb only
1.14
to 2.38 mg of iron per day (21) while the actual intake iron
vegetarian diet in this region is calculated to range from 22.0 to
37.0 mg per day (22).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work was supported by a Research Grant from S.M.S. Medical
College, Jaipur for which we are thankful to the Principal, Dr. P.
L.
Nawalakha.
REFERENCES
1. DeMeayer EM, Adiels-Tegman M. The prevalence of anemia in the
world. World Health Stat Q 1985;38:302-316.
2. Baker SJ, DeMeayer EM. Nutritional anemia: Its understanding
and
control with special reference to the work of the World Health
Organisation. Am J Clin Nutr 1979; 32:368-417.
3. Sharma DC, Mathur R, Singh PP. Iron metabolism: A review. Ind
J
Clin Biochem 1993;8:80-101.
4. Dwyer JT. Nutritional consequences of vegetarianism. Ann Rev
Nutr
1991;11:61-91.
5. Sharma DC, Kiran R, Ramnath, V, Khushlani K, Singh PP. Iron
deficiency and anemia in vegetarian mothers and their new-
borns.
Ind J Clin Biochem 1994;9:100-102.
6. Sharma DC, Khalsa JK, Soni BL, Singh PP, Simlot MM. Some
observations on serum iron level in health. J Indian Med Assoc
1972;58:204-207.
7. Sharma DC, Pendse V, Sahay K, Soni BL. The changing pattern of
maternal and neonatal anemia at Udaipur during 2 decades in
relation to poverty, parity, prematurity and vegetarianism.
Asia-Oceania J Obstet Gynaec 1991;17: 13-17.
8. Tietz NW. Fundamentals of clinical chemistry. Philadelphia,
Saunders 1976:926-928.
9. Franco RS. Ferritin. In Pesce AJ, Kaplan LA, eds, Methods in
clinical chemistry. St. Louis Mosby 1987;1240-1242.
10. Zak B. Simple procedure for single sample determination of
serum
copper and iron. Clin Chim Acta 1958;34:328-334.
11. Varley H. Practical clinical biochemistry. New Delhi,
Heinemann
1976:236-238.
12. Natelson S. Techniques of clinical chemistry. Springfield,
C.C.
Thomas 1971:162-165.
13. Mahajan B.K. Methods in biostatistics for medical students and
research workers. New Delhi, Jaypee Brothers 1991:146-151.
14. Hunt JE, Mullen LM, Lykken GI, Gallagher SK, Neilsen FH.
Ascorbic
acid: effect on ongoing iron absorption and status in iron
depleted young women. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;51:649-655.
15. Siegenberg D, Baynes RD, Bothwell TH, Macfarlane BJ,
LamParelli
RD, Car NG, Mac-Phail P, Schmidt U, Tal A, Mayet F. Ascorbic
acid
prevents the dose-dependent inhibitory effects of polyphenols
and
phytates on nonheme iron absorption. Am J Clin Nutr
1991;53:537-541.
16. Behrman RE, Kliegman RM. Nelson text book of pediatrics.
Philadelphia, Saunders 1987:1536-1558.
17. Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. Policy on control of
nutritional anemia. New Delhi Ministry of Health & Family
Welfare,
Government of India 1991:1-8
18. Chalmers AH, Cowley DM, Brave JM. A possible etiological role
for
ascorbate in calculi formation. Clin Chem 1986;32:333-336.
19. Singh PP, Sharma DC, Rathore V, Surana SS. An investigation
into
the role of ascorbic acid in renal calculogenesis in albino
rats.
J Urol 1988;139:156-157.
20. Krupp MA, Chatton MJ, Tierney Jr LK. Current medical diagnosis
and
Treatment. Los Altos, Lange 1986;816&987.
21. FAO. Food and Nutrition Series No.23, Rome, F.A.O. 1988.
22. Soni BL, Sharma DC. Total and ionizable iron in common Indian
Cooked foods Am J Clin Nutr 1974;27:455-457.
From Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, October 1995,
Volume 39, Number 4, pp. 403-406
HTML Revised 16 January, 2000.
Corrections and formatting © 2000 AscorbateWeb
Who loves ya.
Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
* jesuswasavegetarian.7h . com
Man Is A Herbivore!
* tinyurl . com /a3cc3
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
* tinyurl . com /zk9fk
>>" The subjects in this study were non-athletic healthy young men. The high
rate of abnormally low hemoglobin and ferritin values probably
indicates a
nutritional deficit in this population"
But I have been led to beleive this is impossible ? <<
What is impossible .. ?
A nutritional deficit .. ?
Which nutritional deficit .. ?
Iron .. ?
"non-athletic healthy young men"
**Men** who are .. iron deficient .. ?
Does that .. exist .. ?
Sooo .. it must mean .. the SAME .. as in Indian anemia or Brazilian
anemia .. both treated with vitamin C .. and cured ..
No lack of iron .. lack of vitamin C ..
"we instead suggest vitamin C tablets (500 mg) to be
given twice daily after every major meal. This will improve iron
status and correct anemia as shown in this study. In contrast to
iron
preparations ascorbic acid is well tolerated, quite palatable and
harmless. "
CORRECTION OF ANEMIA AND IRON DEFICIENCY IN VEGETARIANS BY
ADMINISTRATION OF
ASCORBIC ACID
DINESH C. SHARMA* AND RATI MATHUR
*Corresponding Author
Department of Biochemistry S M S Medical College, Jaipur - 302
004
(Received on December 8, 1994)
Abstract: Twenty-eight strict vegetarians were given 500 mg
ascorbic
acid twice daily after lunch and dinner for two months. Hemoglobin
and
certain iron status parameters were measured before and after the
treatment. Ascorbate treatment increased mean hemoglobin by 8%,
serum
iron by 17% and transferrin saturation by 23% and decreased total
iron
binding capacity by 7%. All these changes were statistically
significant. The rise in serum ferritin was 12%. The serum protein
or
copper level did not indicate their dietary deficiency, while
initial
serum ascorbate level were low which rose by 60% on therapy. It is
concluded that ascorbate supplementation is a better method of
improving hematologic and iron status than iron salt
administration.
Key words: ascorbic acid, iron deficiency, anemia, vegetarians,
hemoglobin, iron, ferritin
INTRODUCTION
Anemia is the second most common affliction in the world and iron
deficiency is the most common cause of it (1). The incidence of
iron
deficiency anemia is much greater in India than western countries,
despite the fact that daily iron intake of Indians is twice that
of
westerners (2, 3). This apparent paradox is attributed to
consumption
of predominantly cereal based diet, rich in phytate, oxalates,
phosphates, fiber and other inhibitors of iron absorption, by the
majority of Indians who practice vegetarianism on account of
religion
or poverty (4, 5). So we had found significantly lower serum iron
in
healthy vegetarians as compared to healthy non-vegetarians (6).
Similarly vegetarian parturient women had significantly lower
hemoglobin, serum iron and transferrin saturation in comparison to
their non-vegetarian counterparts (7). Recently in a closely
matched
study all the parameters (hemoglobin, serum iron, transferrin
saturation and ferritin) were significantly lower in vegetarian
women
and their newborns, respectively, despite having received
supplemental
iron (Ferrous sulphate=60 mg Fe) for about six months during
antenatal
period (5). The absence of expected response in hemoglobin
regeneration was perhaps due to the fact the vegetarian diet was
not
deficient in iron but some other nutrient. The dietary survey of
vegetarian mothers revealed that their diet was lacking in
ascorbic
acid as the consumption of fruits and citrus fruits was meagre
(5).
The present study was, therefore, undertaken to see the effect of
administration of ascorbic acid on hemoglobin and iron status of
strictly vegetarian people.
METHODS
The subjects of this study were taken from the staff of the
Department
of Biochemistry, medical and nursing students, neighbours etc. who
volunteered for the study and were vegetarians. All person were
known
to be healthy so that the drug compliance could be checked
frequently
and follow up was easy. They were selected on the basis of their
dietary habit (vegetarianism) rather than initial hemoglobin
level.
All the subjects were free from infection and inflammation which
are
known to affect serum iron, total iron binding capacity and
ferritin
values (3).
The study started with 36 persons but ended with 28; eight persons
discontinued vitamin tablets or were erratic in taking them. All
the
subjects were asked to take a 500 mg ascorbic acid tablet (Celin,
Glaxo) within half an hour after lunch and dinner regularly for
two
months. Then each person received 1 gm ascorbic acid daily and a
total
of 60 gm during the study. The dose was not large enough to cause
any
harmful effect. No one had complained of any side effect. The
subjects
were not allowed to take any hematinic during this study.
The blood was collected before and after the drug trial. The
following
estimations were performed on both the samples immediately after
the
collection - blood hemoglobin (Hb) (cyanmethemoglobin method),
serum
iron (8), total iron binding capacity (TIBC) (8), percent
saturation
(PS), (by calculation), serum ferritin (9), serum copper (10),
total
proteins (11) and ascorbic acid (12).
An oral questionnaire method was used to find out the details of
the
diet intake and dietary habits of all the subjects studied.
The results were statistically analyzed by the paired `t' test
(13).
The critical level of significance was 5 percent (probability,
0.05).
RESULTS
Out of 28 subjects of this study, 10 were male, 18 were female, and
28
had initial Hb level below the WHO normal range. Their age ranged
between 18-50 years. All were vegetarians and had regularly taken
vitamin C tablets. This is confirmed by a rise in ascorbic acid of
about 60% in two months time (Table I)
The pre- and post-treatment values are shown in Table I. There was
a
statistically significant rise in blood hemoglobin, highly
significant
rise in serum iron and a significant fall in total iron binding
capacity. The rise in transferrin saturation of plasma was highly
significant. Interestingly, the response to therapy was better in
those who were iron deficient/anemic. Serum ferritin level also
showed
a rise but statistically insignificant. It may be because (i) the
normal range of serum ferritin is very wide, (ii) increased iron
was
preferentially utilized for hemoglobin regeneration rather than
storage, and (iii) ferritin reflects storage iron which was not
expected to rise appreciably in such a short time.
TABLE I. : Hematalogic and iron status of vegetarians before and
after
ascorbate treatment
Parameter
Pre-treatment level
Post-treatment level
"t"
(paired)
"P"
Percent
rise
Hemoglobin (g/dl) 10.10 ± 01.80 10.90 ± 01.40 5.81 <0.001 07.90
Iron (µg/dl) 63.70 ± 13.70 74.50 ± 13.00 6.36 <0.001 16.90
Total Iron Binding Capacity (µg/dl) 325.30 ± 49.60 301.70 ±55.40
-3.62
<0.010 -07.20
Percent Saturation (%) 19.90 ± 05.40 24.40 ± 04.90 4.32 <0.001
22.60
Ferritin (ng/ml) 39.90 ± 39.30 44.70 ± 40.80 1.23 NS 12.00
Ascorbic Acid (mg/dl) 00.47 ± 00.10 00.75 ± 00.20 7.03 <0.001
59.50
Total Proteins (g/dl) 08.33 ± 00.47 06.42 ± 00.43 0.09 NS 01.40
Copper (µg/dl ) 80.90 ± 18.00 81.40 ± 19.30 0.53 NS 00.60
All values are Mean ± SD; NS-Indicates Not Significant
DISCUSSION
The improvement in iron status and correction of anemia in
vegetarians
by giving only ascorbic acid is a very important finding. Such
studies
were also conducted in the past but the results were not
conclusive
(14), because the studies were multifactorial (14).
The role of ascorbic acid in iron metabolism is manyfold. It
reduces
ferric iron to ferrous form which is then absorbed, lowers the pH
which is conducive to iron absorption, reverses the inhibitory
effect
of phytate, oxalate, phosphate etc., and also forms chelate with
iron
for absorption (15).
As dietary proteins and copper also affect iron absorption and
utilization, so in this study total serum proteins and serum
copper
were also estimated. Their levels were within normal range (16)
suggesting nutritional adequacy of these nutrients. On the other
hand
ascorbate level in serum was low or on the lower side of normal
(16)
indicating inadequate vitamin C nutrition. This confirms our
contention of Vitamin C nutritional inadequacy in vegetarian
population on account of meagre intake of fruits, especially
citrus
fruits (5). The intake of fruits by subjects of present study was
also
very bow, as revealed by diet survey during oral questionnaire.
The control of nutritional anemia is one of the national health
programme of Government of India (17) and pregnant women are
advised
to take ferrous sulphate tablets. As iron preparations did not
give
desired response in our previous study (5) and are not well
tolerated
by many persons we instead suggest vitamin C tablets (500 mg) to
be
given twice daily after every major meal. This will improve iron
status and correct anemia as shown in this study. In contrast to
iron
preparations ascorbic acid is well tolerated, quite palatable and
harmless. The risk of forming oxalate stones was reported with
only
megadoses of vitamin C (18), and even this was not confirmed in
experimental animals (19). In addition, the daily consumption of
vitamin C may confer following benefits (20) - prevent common cold
and
other viral infections, retard atherosclerosis, decrease risk of
cancer, slow down ageing and reduce toxicity of metals.
It is hoped that this study will stimulate further work in this
field
and that physicians will see the need for prescribing vitamin `C'
tablets instead of iron tablets for amelioration of anemia or iron
deficiency, especially because men and women need to absorb only
1.14
to 2.38 mg of iron per day (21) while the actual intake iron
vegetarian diet in this region is calculated to range from 22.0 to
37.0 mg per day (22).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work was supported by a Research Grant from S.M.S. Medical
College, Jaipur for which we are thankful to the Principal, Dr. P.
L.
Nawalakha.
REFERENCES
1. DeMeayer EM, Adiels-Tegman M. The prevalence of anemia in the
world. World Health Stat Q 1985;38:302-316.
2. Baker SJ, DeMeayer EM. Nutritional anemia: Its understanding
and
control with special reference to the work of the World Health
Organisation. Am J Clin Nutr 1979; 32:368-417.
3. Sharma DC, Mathur R, Singh PP. Iron metabolism: A review. Ind
J
Clin Biochem 1993;8:80-101.
4. Dwyer JT. Nutritional consequences of vegetarianism. Ann Rev
Nutr
1991;11:61-91.
5. Sharma DC, Kiran R, Ramnath, V, Khushlani K, Singh PP. Iron
deficiency and anemia in vegetarian mothers and their new-
borns.
Ind J Clin Biochem 1994;9:100-102.
6. Sharma DC, Khalsa JK, Soni BL, Singh PP, Simlot MM. Some
observations on serum iron level in health. J Indian Med Assoc
1972;58:204-207.
7. Sharma DC, Pendse V, Sahay K, Soni BL. The changing pattern of
maternal and neonatal anemia at Udaipur during 2 decades in
relation to poverty, parity, prematurity and vegetarianism.
Asia-Oceania J Obstet Gynaec 1991;17: 13-17.
8. Tietz NW. Fundamentals of clinical chemistry. Philadelphia,
Saunders 1976:926-928.
9. Franco RS. Ferritin. In Pesce AJ, Kaplan LA, eds, Methods in
clinical chemistry. St. Louis Mosby 1987;1240-1242.
10. Zak B. Simple procedure for single sample determination of
serum
copper and iron. Clin Chim Acta 1958;34:328-334.
11. Varley H. Practical clinical biochemistry. New Delhi,
Heinemann
1976:236-238.
12. Natelson S. Techniques of clinical chemistry. Springfield,
C.C.
Thomas 1971:162-165.
13. Mahajan B.K. Methods in biostatistics for medical students and
research workers. New Delhi, Jaypee Brothers 1991:146-151.
14. Hunt JE, Mullen LM, Lykken GI, Gallagher SK, Neilsen FH.
Ascorbic
acid: effect on ongoing iron absorption and status in iron
depleted young women. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;51:649-655.
15. Siegenberg D, Baynes RD, Bothwell TH, Macfarlane BJ,
LamParelli
RD, Car NG, Mac-Phail P, Schmidt U, Tal A, Mayet F. Ascorbic
acid
prevents the dose-dependent inhibitory effects of polyphenols
and
phytates on nonheme iron absorption. Am J Clin Nutr
1991;53:537-541.
16. Behrman RE, Kliegman RM. Nelson text book of pediatrics.
Philadelphia, Saunders 1987:1536-1558.
17. Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. Policy on control of
nutritional anemia. New Delhi Ministry of Health & Family
Welfare,
Government of India 1991:1-8
18. Chalmers AH, Cowley DM, Brave JM. A possible etiological role
for
ascorbate in calculi formation. Clin Chem 1986;32:333-336.
19. Singh PP, Sharma DC, Rathore V, Surana SS. An investigation
into
the role of ascorbic acid in renal calculogenesis in albino
rats.
J Urol 1988;139:156-157.
20. Krupp MA, Chatton MJ, Tierney Jr LK. Current medical diagnosis
and
Treatment. Los Altos, Lange 1986;816&987.
21. FAO. Food and Nutrition Series No.23, Rome, F.A.O. 1988.
22. Soni BL, Sharma DC. Total and ionizable iron in common Indian
Cooked foods Am J Clin Nutr 1974;27:455-457.
From Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, October 1995,
Volume 39, Number 4, pp. 403-406
HTML Revised 16 January, 2000.
Corrections and formatting © 2000 AscorbateWeb
Who loves ya.
Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
* jesuswasavegetarian.7h . com
Man Is A Herbivore!
* tinyurl . com /a3cc3
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
* tinyurl . com /zk9fk
Re: Decrease in running ability with increased hemoglobin
Hello,
I ran into your message quite accidentally while researching about
some details on 'Anemia' and thought of sharing some of my findings.
I've read at ' * w w w .medical-health-care-information . com /
encyclopedia/A/Anemia.asp' that
Anemia is a lower than normal number of red blood cells (erythrocytes)
in the blood, usually measured by a decrease in the amount of
hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the red pigment in red blood cells that
transports oxygen.
The cause varies with the type of anemia. Potential causes include
blood loss, nutritional deficits, many diseases, medication reactions,
and various problems with the bone marrow. Iron deficiency anemia is
most common in women who have heavy menstrual periods. Risk factors
include heavy periods, pregnancy, older age, and diseases that cause
anemia.
I hope the above is of some help to you as well.
Regards,
Monica
On Mar 5, 7:35 am, "ironjust...@aol . com " <ironjust...@aol . com > wrote:
> >>" The subjects in this study were non-athletic healthy young men. The h=
igh
>
> rate of abnormally low hemoglobin and ferritin values probably
> indicates a
> nutritional deficit in this population"
>
> But I have been led to beleive this is impossible ? <<
>
> What is impossible .. ?
>
> A nutritional deficit .. ?
>
> Which nutritional deficit .. ?
>
> Iron .. ?
>
> "non-athletic healthy young men"
>
> **Men** who are .. iron deficient .. ?
>
> Does that .. exist .. ?
>
> Sooo .. it must mean .. the SAME .. as in Indiananemiaor Braziliananemia.=
. both treated with vitamin C .. and cured ..
>
> No lack of iron .. lack of vitamin C ..
>
> "we instead suggest vitamin C tablets (500 mg) to be
> given twice daily after every major meal. This will improve iron
> status and correctanemiaas shown in this study. In contrast to
> iron
> preparations ascorbic acid is well tolerated, quite palatable and
> harmless. "
>
> CORRECTION OFANEMIAAND IRON DEFICIENCY IN VEGETARIANS BY
> ADMINISTRATION OF
> ASCORBIC ACID
>
> DINESH C. SHARMA* AND RATI MATHUR
>
> *Corresponding Author
>
> Department of Biochemistry S M S Medical College, Jaipur - 302
> 004
> (Received on December 8, 1994)
>
> Abstract: Twenty-eight strict vegetarians were given 500 mg
> ascorbic
> acid twice daily after lunch and dinner for two months. Hemoglobin
> and
> certain iron status parameters were measured before and after the
> treatment. Ascorbate treatment increased mean hemoglobin by 8%,
> serum
> iron by 17% and transferrin saturation by 23% and decreased total
> iron
> binding capacity by 7%. All these changes were statistically
> significant. The rise in serum ferritin was 12%. The serum protein
> or
> copper level did not indicate their dietary deficiency, while
> initial
> serum ascorbate level were low which rose by 60% on therapy. It is
> concluded that ascorbate supplementation is a better method of
> improving hematologic and iron status than iron salt
> administration.
>
> Key words: ascorbic acid, iron deficiency,anemia, vegetarians,
> hemoglobin, iron, ferritin
>
>
>
> INTRODUCTION
>
> Anemiais the second most common affliction in the world and iron
> deficiency is the most common cause of it (1). The incidence of
> iron
> deficiencyanemiais much greater in India than western countries,
> despite the fact that daily iron intake of Indians is twice that
> of
> westerners (2, 3). This apparent paradox is attributed to
> consumption
> of predominantly cereal based diet, rich in phytate, oxalates,
> phosphates, fiber and other inhibitors of iron absorption, by the
> majority of Indians who practice vegetarianism on account of
> religion
> or poverty (4, 5). So we had found significantly lower serum iron
> in
> healthy vegetarians as compared to healthy non-vegetarians (6).
> Similarly vegetarian parturient women had significantly lower
> hemoglobin, serum iron and transferrin saturation in comparison to
> their non-vegetarian counterparts (7). Recently in a closely
> matched
> study all the parameters (hemoglobin, serum iron, transferrin
> saturation and ferritin) were significantly lower in vegetarian
> women
> and their newborns, respectively, despite having received
> supplemental
> iron (Ferrous sulphate=60 mg Fe) for about six months during
> antenatal
> period (5). The absence of expected response in hemoglobin
> regeneration was perhaps due to the fact the vegetarian diet was
> not
> deficient in iron but some other nutrient. The dietary survey of
> vegetarian mothers revealed that their diet was lacking in
> ascorbic
> acid as the consumption of fruits and citrus fruits was meagre
> (5).
>
> The present study was, therefore, undertaken to see the effect of
> administration of ascorbic acid on hemoglobin and iron status of
> strictly vegetarian people.
>
>
>
> METHODS
>
> The subjects of this study were taken from the staff of the
> Department
> of Biochemistry, medical and nursing students, neighbours etc. who
> volunteered for the study and were vegetarians. All person were
> known
> to be healthy so that the drug compliance could be checked
> frequently
> and follow up was easy. They were selected on the basis of their
> dietary habit (vegetarianism) rather than initial hemoglobin
> level.
> All the subjects were free from infection and inflammation which
> are
> known to affect serum iron, total iron binding capacity and
> ferritin
> values (3).
>
> The study started with 36 persons but ended with 28; eight persons
> discontinued vitamin tablets or were erratic in taking them. All
> the
> subjects were asked to take a 500 mg ascorbic acid tablet (Celin,
> Glaxo) within half an hour after lunch and dinner regularly for
> two
> months. Then each person received 1 gm ascorbic acid daily and a
> total
> of 60 gm during the study. The dose was not large enough to cause
> any
> harmful effect. No one had complained of any side effect. The
> subjects
> were not allowed to take any hematinic during this study.
>
> The blood was collected before and after the drug trial. The
> following
> estimations were performed on both the samples immediately after
> the
> collection - blood hemoglobin (Hb) (cyanmethemoglobin method),
> serum
> iron (8), total iron binding capacity (TIBC) (8), percent
> saturation
> (PS), (by calculation), serum ferritin (9), serum copper (10),
> total
> proteins (11) and ascorbic acid (12).
>
> An oral questionnaire method was used to find out the details of
> the
> diet intake and dietary habits of all the subjects studied.
>
> The results were statistically analyzed by the paired `t' test
> (13).
> The critical level of significance was 5 percent (probability,
> 0.05).
>
>
>
> RESULTS
>
> Out of 28 subjects of this study, 10 were male, 18 were female, and
> 28
> had initial Hb level below the WHO normal range. Their age ranged
> between 18-50 years. All were vegetarians and had regularly taken
> vitamin C tablets. This is confirmed by a rise in ascorbic acid of
> about 60% in two months time (Table I)
>
> The pre- and post-treatment values are shown in Table I. There was
> a
> statistically significant rise in blood hemoglobin, highly
> significant
> rise in serum iron and a significant fall in total iron binding
> capacity. The rise in transferrin saturation of plasma was highly
> significant. Interestingly, the response to therapy was better in
> those who were iron deficient/anemic. Serum ferritin level also
> showed
> a rise but statistically insignificant. It may be because (i) the
> normal range of serum ferritin is very wide, (ii) increased iron
> was
> preferentially utilized for hemoglobin regeneration rather than
> storage, and (iii) ferritin reflects storage iron which was not
> expected to rise appreciably in such a short time.
>
> TABLE I. : Hematalogic and iron status of vegetarians before and
> after
> ascorbate treatment
>
> Parameter
>
> Pre-treatment level
>
> Post-treatment level
>
> "t"
> (paired)
>
> "P"
>
> Percent
> rise
> Hemoglobin (g/dl) 10.10 ± 01.80 10.90 ± 01.40 5.81 <0.001 07.90
> Iron (µg/dl) 63.70 ± 13.70 74.50 ± 13.00 6.36 <0.001 16.90
> Total Iron Binding Capacity (µg/dl) 325.30 ± 49.60 301.70 ±55.40
> -3.62
> <0.010 -07.20
> Percent Saturation (%) 19.90 ± 05.40 24.40 ± 04.90 4.32 <0.001
> 22.60
> Ferritin (ng/ml) 39.90 ± 39.30 44.70 ± 40.80 1.23 NS 12.00
> Ascorbic Acid (mg/dl) 00.47 ± 00.10 00.75 ± 00.20 7.03 <0.001
> 59.50
> Total Proteins (g/dl) 08.33 ± 00.47 06.42 ± 00.43 0.09 NS 01.40
> Copper (µg/dl ) 80.90 ± 18.00 81.40 ± 19.30 0.53 NS 00.60
>
> All values are Mean ± SD; NS-Indicates Not Significant
>
>
>
> DISCUSSION
>
> The improvement in iron status and correction ofanemiain
> vegetarians
> by giving only ascorbic acid is a very important finding. Such
> studies
> were also conducted in the past but the results were not
> conclusive
> (14), because the studies were multifactorial (14).
>
> The role of ascorbic acid in iron metabolism is manyfold. It
> reduces
> ferric iron to ferrous form which is then absorbed, lowers the pH
> which is conducive to iron absorption, reverses the inhibitory
> effect
> of phytate, oxalate, phosphate etc., and also forms chelate with
> iron
> for absorption (15).
>
> As dietary proteins and copper also affect iron absorption and
> utilization, so in this study total serum proteins and serum
> copper
> were also estimated. Their levels were within normal range (16)
> suggesting nutritional adequacy of these nutrients. On the other
> hand
> ascorbate level in serum was low or on the lower side of normal
> (16)
> indicating inadequate vitamin C nutrition. This confirms our
> contention of Vitamin C nutritional inadequacy in vegetarian
> population on account of meagre intake of fruits, especially
> citrus
> fruits (5). The intake of fruits by subjects of present study was
> also
> very bow, as revealed by diet survey during oral questionnaire.
>
> The control of nutritionalanemiais one of the national health
> programme of Government of India (17) and pregnant women are
> advised
> to take ferrous sulphate tablets. As iron preparations did not
> give
> desired response in our previous study (5) and are not well
> tolerated
> by many persons we instead suggest vitamin C tablets (500 mg) to
> be
> given twice daily after
> ...
>
> read more »
Hello,
I ran into your message quite accidentally while researching about
some details on 'Anemia' and thought of sharing some of my findings.
I've read at ' * w w w .medical-health-care-information . com /
encyclopedia/A/Anemia.asp' that
Anemia is a lower than normal number of red blood cells (erythrocytes)
in the blood, usually measured by a decrease in the amount of
hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the red pigment in red blood cells that
transports oxygen.
The cause varies with the type of anemia. Potential causes include
blood loss, nutritional deficits, many diseases, medication reactions,
and various problems with the bone marrow. Iron deficiency anemia is
most common in women who have heavy menstrual periods. Risk factors
include heavy periods, pregnancy, older age, and diseases that cause
anemia.
I hope the above is of some help to you as well.
Regards,
Monica
On Mar 5, 7:35 am, "ironjust...@aol . com " <ironjust...@aol . com > wrote:
> >>" The subjects in this study were non-athletic healthy young men. The h=
igh
>
> rate of abnormally low hemoglobin and ferritin values probably
> indicates a
> nutritional deficit in this population"
>
> But I have been led to beleive this is impossible ? <<
>
> What is impossible .. ?
>
> A nutritional deficit .. ?
>
> Which nutritional deficit .. ?
>
> Iron .. ?
>
> "non-athletic healthy young men"
>
> **Men** who are .. iron deficient .. ?
>
> Does that .. exist .. ?
>
> Sooo .. it must mean .. the SAME .. as in Indiananemiaor Braziliananemia.=
. both treated with vitamin C .. and cured ..
>
> No lack of iron .. lack of vitamin C ..
>
> "we instead suggest vitamin C tablets (500 mg) to be
> given twice daily after every major meal. This will improve iron
> status and correctanemiaas shown in this study. In contrast to
> iron
> preparations ascorbic acid is well tolerated, quite palatable and
> harmless. "
>
> CORRECTION OFANEMIAAND IRON DEFICIENCY IN VEGETARIANS BY
> ADMINISTRATION OF
> ASCORBIC ACID
>
> DINESH C. SHARMA* AND RATI MATHUR
>
> *Corresponding Author
>
> Department of Biochemistry S M S Medical College, Jaipur - 302
> 004
> (Received on December 8, 1994)
>
> Abstract: Twenty-eight strict vegetarians were given 500 mg
> ascorbic
> acid twice daily after lunch and dinner for two months. Hemoglobin
> and
> certain iron status parameters were measured before and after the
> treatment. Ascorbate treatment increased mean hemoglobin by 8%,
> serum
> iron by 17% and transferrin saturation by 23% and decreased total
> iron
> binding capacity by 7%. All these changes were statistically
> significant. The rise in serum ferritin was 12%. The serum protein
> or
> copper level did not indicate their dietary deficiency, while
> initial
> serum ascorbate level were low which rose by 60% on therapy. It is
> concluded that ascorbate supplementation is a better method of
> improving hematologic and iron status than iron salt
> administration.
>
> Key words: ascorbic acid, iron deficiency,anemia, vegetarians,
> hemoglobin, iron, ferritin
>
>
>
> INTRODUCTION
>
> Anemiais the second most common affliction in the world and iron
> deficiency is the most common cause of it (1). The incidence of
> iron
> deficiencyanemiais much greater in India than western countries,
> despite the fact that daily iron intake of Indians is twice that
> of
> westerners (2, 3). This apparent paradox is attributed to
> consumption
> of predominantly cereal based diet, rich in phytate, oxalates,
> phosphates, fiber and other inhibitors of iron absorption, by the
> majority of Indians who practice vegetarianism on account of
> religion
> or poverty (4, 5). So we had found significantly lower serum iron
> in
> healthy vegetarians as compared to healthy non-vegetarians (6).
> Similarly vegetarian parturient women had significantly lower
> hemoglobin, serum iron and transferrin saturation in comparison to
> their non-vegetarian counterparts (7). Recently in a closely
> matched
> study all the parameters (hemoglobin, serum iron, transferrin
> saturation and ferritin) were significantly lower in vegetarian
> women
> and their newborns, respectively, despite having received
> supplemental
> iron (Ferrous sulphate=60 mg Fe) for about six months during
> antenatal
> period (5). The absence of expected response in hemoglobin
> regeneration was perhaps due to the fact the vegetarian diet was
> not
> deficient in iron but some other nutrient. The dietary survey of
> vegetarian mothers revealed that their diet was lacking in
> ascorbic
> acid as the consumption of fruits and citrus fruits was meagre
> (5).
>
> The present study was, therefore, undertaken to see the effect of
> administration of ascorbic acid on hemoglobin and iron status of
> strictly vegetarian people.
>
>
>
> METHODS
>
> The subjects of this study were taken from the staff of the
> Department
> of Biochemistry, medical and nursing students, neighbours etc. who
> volunteered for the study and were vegetarians. All person were
> known
> to be healthy so that the drug compliance could be checked
> frequently
> and follow up was easy. They were selected on the basis of their
> dietary habit (vegetarianism) rather than initial hemoglobin
> level.
> All the subjects were free from infection and inflammation which
> are
> known to affect serum iron, total iron binding capacity and
> ferritin
> values (3).
>
> The study started with 36 persons but ended with 28; eight persons
> discontinued vitamin tablets or were erratic in taking them. All
> the
> subjects were asked to take a 500 mg ascorbic acid tablet (Celin,
> Glaxo) within half an hour after lunch and dinner regularly for
> two
> months. Then each person received 1 gm ascorbic acid daily and a
> total
> of 60 gm during the study. The dose was not large enough to cause
> any
> harmful effect. No one had complained of any side effect. The
> subjects
> were not allowed to take any hematinic during this study.
>
> The blood was collected before and after the drug trial. The
> following
> estimations were performed on both the samples immediately after
> the
> collection - blood hemoglobin (Hb) (cyanmethemoglobin method),
> serum
> iron (8), total iron binding capacity (TIBC) (8), percent
> saturation
> (PS), (by calculation), serum ferritin (9), serum copper (10),
> total
> proteins (11) and ascorbic acid (12).
>
> An oral questionnaire method was used to find out the details of
> the
> diet intake and dietary habits of all the subjects studied.
>
> The results were statistically analyzed by the paired `t' test
> (13).
> The critical level of significance was 5 percent (probability,
> 0.05).
>
>
>
> RESULTS
>
> Out of 28 subjects of this study, 10 were male, 18 were female, and
> 28
> had initial Hb level below the WHO normal range. Their age ranged
> between 18-50 years. All were vegetarians and had regularly taken
> vitamin C tablets. This is confirmed by a rise in ascorbic acid of
> about 60% in two months time (Table I)
>
> The pre- and post-treatment values are shown in Table I. There was
> a
> statistically significant rise in blood hemoglobin, highly
> significant
> rise in serum iron and a significant fall in total iron binding
> capacity. The rise in transferrin saturation of plasma was highly
> significant. Interestingly, the response to therapy was better in
> those who were iron deficient/anemic. Serum ferritin level also
> showed
> a rise but statistically insignificant. It may be because (i) the
> normal range of serum ferritin is very wide, (ii) increased iron
> was
> preferentially utilized for hemoglobin regeneration rather than
> storage, and (iii) ferritin reflects storage iron which was not
> expected to rise appreciably in such a short time.
>
> TABLE I. : Hematalogic and iron status of vegetarians before and
> after
> ascorbate treatment
>
> Parameter
>
> Pre-treatment level
>
> Post-treatment level
>
> "t"
> (paired)
>
> "P"
>
> Percent
> rise
> Hemoglobin (g/dl) 10.10 ± 01.80 10.90 ± 01.40 5.81 <0.001 07.90
> Iron (µg/dl) 63.70 ± 13.70 74.50 ± 13.00 6.36 <0.001 16.90
> Total Iron Binding Capacity (µg/dl) 325.30 ± 49.60 301.70 ±55.40
> -3.62
> <0.010 -07.20
> Percent Saturation (%) 19.90 ± 05.40 24.40 ± 04.90 4.32 <0.001
> 22.60
> Ferritin (ng/ml) 39.90 ± 39.30 44.70 ± 40.80 1.23 NS 12.00
> Ascorbic Acid (mg/dl) 00.47 ± 00.10 00.75 ± 00.20 7.03 <0.001
> 59.50
> Total Proteins (g/dl) 08.33 ± 00.47 06.42 ± 00.43 0.09 NS 01.40
> Copper (µg/dl ) 80.90 ± 18.00 81.40 ± 19.30 0.53 NS 00.60
>
> All values are Mean ± SD; NS-Indicates Not Significant
>
>
>
> DISCUSSION
>
> The improvement in iron status and correction ofanemiain
> vegetarians
> by giving only ascorbic acid is a very important finding. Such
> studies
> were also conducted in the past but the results were not
> conclusive
> (14), because the studies were multifactorial (14).
>
> The role of ascorbic acid in iron metabolism is manyfold. It
> reduces
> ferric iron to ferrous form which is then absorbed, lowers the pH
> which is conducive to iron absorption, reverses the inhibitory
> effect
> of phytate, oxalate, phosphate etc., and also forms chelate with
> iron
> for absorption (15).
>
> As dietary proteins and copper also affect iron absorption and
> utilization, so in this study total serum proteins and serum
> copper
> were also estimated. Their levels were within normal range (16)
> suggesting nutritional adequacy of these nutrients. On the other
> hand
> ascorbate level in serum was low or on the lower side of normal
> (16)
> indicating inadequate vitamin C nutrition. This confirms our
> contention of Vitamin C nutritional inadequacy in vegetarian
> population on account of meagre intake of fruits, especially
> citrus
> fruits (5). The intake of fruits by subjects of present study was
> also
> very bow, as revealed by diet survey during oral questionnaire.
>
> The control of nutritionalanemiais one of the national health
> programme of Government of India (17) and pregnant women are
> advised
> to take ferrous sulphate tablets. As iron preparations did not
> give
> desired response in our previous study (5) and are not well
> tolerated
> by many persons we instead suggest vitamin C tablets (500 mg) to
> be
> given twice daily after
> ...
>
> read more »
Re: Decrease in running ability with increased hemoglobin
>>On Mar 5, 9:00 pm, "Health Solutions" <mon...@dubaicity . com > wrote:
Hello,
I ran into your message quite accidentally while researching about
some details on 'Anemia' and thought of sharing some of my findings.
I've read at ' * w w w .medical-health-care-information . com /
encyclopedia/A/Anemia.asp' that
Anemia is a lower than normal number of red blood cells
(erythrocytes)
in the blood, usually measured by a decrease in the amount of
hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the red pigment in red blood cells that
transports oxygen.
The cause varies with the type of anemia. Potential causes include
blood loss, nutritional deficits, many diseases, medication
reactions,
and various problems with the bone marrow. Iron deficiency anemia is
most common in women who have heavy menstrual periods. Risk factors
include heavy periods, pregnancy, older age, and diseases that cause
anemia.
I hope the above is of some help to you as well.
Regards,
Monica <<
The thread is about healthy .. **men** ..
Who loves ya.
Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
* jesuswasavegetarian.7h . com
Man Is A Herbivore!
* tinyurl . com /a3cc3
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
* tinyurl . com /zk9fk
>>On Mar 5, 9:00 pm, "Health Solutions" <mon...@dubaicity . com > wrote:
Hello,
I ran into your message quite accidentally while researching about
some details on 'Anemia' and thought of sharing some of my findings.
I've read at ' * w w w .medical-health-care-information . com /
encyclopedia/A/Anemia.asp' that
Anemia is a lower than normal number of red blood cells
(erythrocytes)
in the blood, usually measured by a decrease in the amount of
hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the red pigment in red blood cells that
transports oxygen.
The cause varies with the type of anemia. Potential causes include
blood loss, nutritional deficits, many diseases, medication
reactions,
and various problems with the bone marrow. Iron deficiency anemia is
most common in women who have heavy menstrual periods. Risk factors
include heavy periods, pregnancy, older age, and diseases that cause
anemia.
I hope the above is of some help to you as well.
Regards,
Monica <<
The thread is about healthy .. **men** ..
Who loves ya.
Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
* jesuswasavegetarian.7h . com
Man Is A Herbivore!
* tinyurl . com /a3cc3
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
* tinyurl . com /zk9fk
Re: Decrease in running ability with increased hemoglobin
On Mar 4, 2:44 am, zebaa...@gmail . com wrote:
This is a very good case and it should be discussed properly<<
Increased red blood cell production leads to increased red blood
cell .. destruction .. due to the fact the body itself ..
understands .. the **amount** of red blood cells there NEEDS to be.
This increased red blood cell destruction leads to increased oxidation
which leads to destruction of 'anti'-oxidants .. vitamin E being the
chief antioxidant destroyed.
Oxygen CARRIAGE is governed by vitamin E .. NOT .. the 'number' of red
blood cells.
The red blood cell is capable of carrying three times more oxygen than
it .. 'normally' does .. but ONLY with vitamin E is this able to be
accomplished.
When called upon to carry oxygen .. as in marathon runners with a
hemoglobin of only nine .. compared to 'normal' of fourteen .. the
healthy body IE: vitamin E replete .. can and does do this .. very
well.
The marathon runners who commonly have a hemoglobin of nine call upon
their nine red blood cells to carry MORE oxygen and they are fully
capable of doing this.
Much to the chagrin of those in the medical field who NOW are called
upon to .. invoke .. by Apollo .. the great and wonderful ..
"PARADOX" .. ie: "we can't figure this one .. out .."
Pretty simple ..
The destruction of red blood cells at or about .. 14 .. leads to
decreased ABILITY to carry oxygen .. due to .. ?
Lack of vitamin E oxygen carrying ability due to the vitamin E
destruction / depletion BY the destruction of red blood cells .. AS
the body tries to save its .. life ..
Who loves ya.
Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
* jesuswasavegetarian.7h . com
Man Is A Herbivore!
* tinyurl . com /a3cc3
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
* tinyurl . com /zk9fk
On Mar 4, 2:44 am, zebaa...@gmail . com wrote:
This is a very good case and it should be discussed properly<<
Increased red blood cell production leads to increased red blood
cell .. destruction .. due to the fact the body itself ..
understands .. the **amount** of red blood cells there NEEDS to be.
This increased red blood cell destruction leads to increased oxidation
which leads to destruction of 'anti'-oxidants .. vitamin E being the
chief antioxidant destroyed.
Oxygen CARRIAGE is governed by vitamin E .. NOT .. the 'number' of red
blood cells.
The red blood cell is capable of carrying three times more oxygen than
it .. 'normally' does .. but ONLY with vitamin E is this able to be
accomplished.
When called upon to carry oxygen .. as in marathon runners with a
hemoglobin of only nine .. compared to 'normal' of fourteen .. the
healthy body IE: vitamin E replete .. can and does do this .. very
well.
The marathon runners who commonly have a hemoglobin of nine call upon
their nine red blood cells to carry MORE oxygen and they are fully
capable of doing this.
Much to the chagrin of those in the medical field who NOW are called
upon to .. invoke .. by Apollo .. the great and wonderful ..
"PARADOX" .. ie: "we can't figure this one .. out .."
Pretty simple ..
The destruction of red blood cells at or about .. 14 .. leads to
decreased ABILITY to carry oxygen .. due to .. ?
Lack of vitamin E oxygen carrying ability due to the vitamin E
destruction / depletion BY the destruction of red blood cells .. AS
the body tries to save its .. life ..
Who loves ya.
Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
* jesuswasavegetarian.7h . com
Man Is A Herbivore!
* tinyurl . com /a3cc3
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
* tinyurl . com /zk9fk
Re: Decrease in running ability with increased hemoglobin
* w w w .tssupplements . com /articles.php?id=44
Although vitamin E deficiency is rare, several researchers have used
the data obtained through animal research and humans with genetic
defects to support the need of vitamin E supplementation for athletes.
The hypothesis suggests that a vitamin E deficiency may lead to
impaired oxygen transport due to red blood cell damage and to reduced
oxidative capacity within muscle cells. If true, these effects would
result in a reduced VO2max and lead to a decrease in aerobic endurance
capacity. However these claims are highly speculative. Some earlier
studies conducted on vitamin E found a beneficial effect on aerobic
performance, especially in higher altitudes, but the experiments were
criticized due to poor methodologies. Kobayashi et al. (1974),
however, used a double-blind, placebo controlled protocol and found
that 1,200 IU of vitamin E supplementation daily for 6-weeks resulted
in significant improvements in VO2max, reduced blood lactic acid
during submaximal exercise, and increased aerobic endurance at
altitudes of 5,000 and 15,000 feet. The researchers concluded that
vitamin E prevented the increasing rate of oxidation of the red blood
cell membranes that might occur while exercising at high altitudes.
However, even this investigation was criticized due to the fact the
researchers used sedentary individuals, suggesting these results may
not apply to athletes. Simon-Schnass (1993), however, supports these
early findings. These researchers reported that 400 mg of vitamin E
given to high-altitude mountain climbers over a 10-week period
improved lactate threshold. It has also been suggested that vitamin E
may be beneficial in athletes training in high smog areas, where some
of the airborne pollutants may cause red blood cell membrane
oxidation. Certainly, this area requires further research.
Despite the above research, the majority of investigations regarding
vitamin E and athletic performance have suggested that using doses
from 400 to 1,200 IU does not significantly affect VO2max or other
tests of aerobic performance. One possible explanation for these
findings may be due to the plasma levels of vitamin E, which appear to
rise significantly during intense exercise (Pincemail et al., 1988).
But even when 5-months of vitamin E supplementation, significantly
increases serum vitamin E levels in national class racing cyclists
showed no improvement in VO2max and other cycling performance measures
(Rokitzki et al., 1994).
The potential ergogenic effect of vitamin E in altitude warrants
further investigation. Tidus and Houston (1995) performed a meta-
analysis on the current scientific literature regarding vitamin E and
concluded that while vitamin E supplementation may increase tissue or
serum concentrations, there is currently a lack of conclusive evidence
that suggests exercise performance or recovery in either elite or
recreational athletes would benefit in any significant way.
Who loves ya.
Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
* jesuswasavegetarian.7h . com
Man Is A Herbivore!
* tinyurl . com /a3cc3
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
* tinyurl . com /zk9fk
* w w w .tssupplements . com /articles.php?id=44
Although vitamin E deficiency is rare, several researchers have used
the data obtained through animal research and humans with genetic
defects to support the need of vitamin E supplementation for athletes.
The hypothesis suggests that a vitamin E deficiency may lead to
impaired oxygen transport due to red blood cell damage and to reduced
oxidative capacity within muscle cells. If true, these effects would
result in a reduced VO2max and lead to a decrease in aerobic endurance
capacity. However these claims are highly speculative. Some earlier
studies conducted on vitamin E found a beneficial effect on aerobic
performance, especially in higher altitudes, but the experiments were
criticized due to poor methodologies. Kobayashi et al. (1974),
however, used a double-blind, placebo controlled protocol and found
that 1,200 IU of vitamin E supplementation daily for 6-weeks resulted
in significant improvements in VO2max, reduced blood lactic acid
during submaximal exercise, and increased aerobic endurance at
altitudes of 5,000 and 15,000 feet. The researchers concluded that
vitamin E prevented the increasing rate of oxidation of the red blood
cell membranes that might occur while exercising at high altitudes.
However, even this investigation was criticized due to the fact the
researchers used sedentary individuals, suggesting these results may
not apply to athletes. Simon-Schnass (1993), however, supports these
early findings. These researchers reported that 400 mg of vitamin E
given to high-altitude mountain climbers over a 10-week period
improved lactate threshold. It has also been suggested that vitamin E
may be beneficial in athletes training in high smog areas, where some
of the airborne pollutants may cause red blood cell membrane
oxidation. Certainly, this area requires further research.
Despite the above research, the majority of investigations regarding
vitamin E and athletic performance have suggested that using doses
from 400 to 1,200 IU does not significantly affect VO2max or other
tests of aerobic performance. One possible explanation for these
findings may be due to the plasma levels of vitamin E, which appear to
rise significantly during intense exercise (Pincemail et al., 1988).
But even when 5-months of vitamin E supplementation, significantly
increases serum vitamin E levels in national class racing cyclists
showed no improvement in VO2max and other cycling performance measures
(Rokitzki et al., 1994).
The potential ergogenic effect of vitamin E in altitude warrants
further investigation. Tidus and Houston (1995) performed a meta-
analysis on the current scientific literature regarding vitamin E and
concluded that while vitamin E supplementation may increase tissue or
serum concentrations, there is currently a lack of conclusive evidence
that suggests exercise performance or recovery in either elite or
recreational athletes would benefit in any significant way.
Who loves ya.
Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
* jesuswasavegetarian.7h . com
Man Is A Herbivore!
* tinyurl . com /a3cc3
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
* tinyurl . com /zk9fk
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