Avian Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in the news again - as a potential prostate cancer killer

Avian Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in the news again - as a potential prostate cancer killer

The news article

Veterinary scientists explore poultry virus as cancer killer
< * w w w .eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-04/vt-vse040907.php>

informs that a genetically modified variant of Avian Newcastle disease
virus (NDV)is being researched as a potential candidate for treating
human prostate cancer. An excerpt:

"Blacksburg, Va. -- Virologists in the Virginia-Maryland
Regional College of Veterinary Medicine (VMRCVM) at Virginia
Tech are looking at how a genetically modified variant of Avian
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can treat human prostate cancer.

Dr. Elankurmaran Subbiah, assistant professor in the Department
of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, was awarded a
prestigious research grant by the Department of Defense. This
"Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program" award will
support the exploration and hypothesis development for an
innovative approach to treating prostate cancer.

Subbiah and his co-investigator, Dr. Siba K. Samal, associate
dean, University of Maryland campus, received a $113,250 grant
for their ongoing work using a genetically modified version of
NDV to treat prostate cancer in humans.

Prostate cancer is the second most common type of cancer in
men, according to the American Cancer Society (ACS). The ACS
estimates there will be almost 219,000 new cases of prostate
cancer reported in the United States in 2007.

According to Subbiah, the use of poultry viruses as cancer
therapy poses no threat to humans and several other oncolytic
viruses are currently being explored to treat cancer. However,
Subbiah's work is the first to alter Newcastle disease virus
through a reverse genetic system to target prostate cancer
specifically.

Reverse genetics is the process of generating a recombinant
virus from cloned complimentary DNA (cDNA) copy of a viral
genome, explains Subbiah. Through the reverse genetics system,
recombinant viruses can be designed to have specific properties
that make them attractive as biotechnological tools, live
vaccines, and cancer therapeutics. This is achieved through the
introduction of the desired changes in the cDNA, which are then
transferred faithfully to the recombinant virus.

In the current investigation, Subbiah and his associates are
altering the fusion protein of NDV to replicate only in the
presence of prostate specific antigen (PSA), which is found
exclusively in cancerous prostate cells.

Normal, healthy cells have an interferon antiviral system that
activates upon infection with NDV thereby preventing
replication of the virus, explains Dr. Subbiah. Cancer cells,
however, have defective interferon antiviral systems, he said.
NDV utilizes the defects to replicate in the diseased cells.
The replication of NDV leads to the death of the cancer cell by
a process called apoptosis - also known as programmed cell
death or cell suicide - in the cell."


There is at least one Phase II clinical trial of Newcastle Disease
Virus in the treatment of cancer, which is currently recruiting
patients:

Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) for Cancer Patients Resistant to
Conventional Anti-Cancer Modalities
< * clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00348842?order=1>


Web pages with some information about Newcastle Disease Virus:

Newcastle Disease Virus - Information for Patients
< * w w w .dana-farber.org/can/complementary-and-alternative-medicine/View.aspx?lang=en&audience=0&doc=CDR0000446370>

Viruses: The new cancer hunters
< * w w w .isracast . com /Articles/Article.aspx?ID=15>

"Researchers from the Hebrew University have succeeded in
isolating a variant of the Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV-HUJ),
which usually affects birds, in order to specifically target
cancer cells. The research, which has already cleared the first
phase of clinical trials, is already patented and if all goes
well it might receive an approval for clinical use, changing
the way we think about viruses forever."

Newcastle disease - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
< * en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newcastle_disease>

Applications: Newcastle Disease
< * w w w .brandeis.edu/projects/wanghlab/applicationsNewcastle.html>


Selections from related research:

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Editorial [ Hot Topic: Oncolytic Virus Therapy (Guest Editor: Hideki
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