Free Radical Theory of Autoimmunity

Free Radical Theory of Autoimmunity

The argument set forward in this article suggests a possible mechanism
for the development of autoimmunity. According to this view, the
various sorts of damage induced by chemotherapy have a role in the
pattern of drug resistance, which is associated with the initiation of
autoimmunity.

* w w w .tbiomed . com /content/3/1/22


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Re: Free Radical Theory of Autoimmunity

Most people with "autoimmune diseases" haven't undergone chemotherapy,
correct? In fact, there is plenty of evidence that biomolecules
modified by lipid peroxidation lead to such "diseases," though the
body is much more susceptible if the person has arachidonic acid in
his/her cells. Have you ever taken a look at the evidence I cite on my
free site?

Re: Free Radical Theory of Autoimmunity

On Nov 17, 1:49 pm, monty1...@lycos . com wrote:
Most people with "autoimmune diseases" haven't undergone chemotherapy,
correct? In fact, there is plenty of evidence that biomolecules
modified by lipid peroxidation lead to such "diseases," though the
body is much more susceptible if the person has arachidonic acid in
his/her cells. Have you ever taken a look at the evidence I cite on my
free site? <<

Eating plant foods is what I am following up ..

If I run into your site I will read it ..

Coconut oil doesn't come into it ..

Sorry .. I have and never will have access to a FKG .. coconut ..

Sorry .. that is just how it .. is ..

Nothing personal ..


Who loves ya.
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Re: Free Radical Theory of Autoimmunity

On Nov 17, 1:49 pm, monty1...@lycos . com wrote:
Most people with "autoimmune diseases" haven't undergone
chemotherapy,
correct? In fact, there is plenty of evidence that biomolecules
modified by lipid peroxidation lead to such "diseases," <<

Yes .. monty .. technically that is PRECISELY what they say causes the
diseases .. "lipid peroxidation" / oxidation .. SAME thing ..

What they do is they give you either .. radiation / massive doses OF
oxidation and / or .. chemotherapy / massive doses of chemical
OXIDATION .. all of the above have a word in common.

What is that word .. monty .. ?

I will assume you don't KNOW what word that would be ..
because .. ? .. you didn't mention or even HINT at the fact you KNEW
what chemotherapy ACTUALLY .. **does** / mode of operation OF the
chemotherapeutic .. drugs.

Sooo .. what they are doing is basically homeopathetic medicine in
which they are taking a "like cures like" .. massive oxidation to cure
oxidative induced disease / lipid peroxidation / oxidation.


"Chemotherapy induces oxidation" should bring up the studies .. let's
see if it does ..

Tuesday, 11 July 2006 - 12:00 PM
167-81
Effect of Chemotherapy on Lipid Peroxidation in Leukemia
FARHAD NEHMATULLA Hussen III, ph.D, oncology, arbil teaching hospital,
setaqan, setaqan, arbil, Iraq

Objective:effect of chemotherapy,antioxidant(vitamin E)on lipid
peroxidation in leukemic cases. to investigate the effect of them on
lipid peroxidation level
Methods:100 of leukemic cases(50 AML-50 ALL)tested for the level of
lipid peroxidation,albumin,ceruloplasmin,myoglobin , ferritin and
immunoglobulins(A,G and M)before,after chemotherapy and after
antioxidant therapy.

Results:chemotherapy induces oxidation stress and increase production
of free radicals,lead to reduction of endogenus defense elements
significantly(P<005) But antioxidant therapy may improve defense
elements and reduce lipid peroxidation level significantly(P<001-
P<005).


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Re: Free Radical Theory of Autoimmunity

On Nov 17, 2:06 pm, ironjustice <teamtan...@hotmail . com > wrote:Most
people with "autoimmune diseases" haven't undergone chemotherapy, <<

The oxidation induced by the chemotherapy causes the autoimmune
disease .. you .. see .. ?

THAT is why the author has hypothesized the FACT he .. believes /
hypothesis .. that oxidation causes autoimmune disease ..
because .. ? .. soooooo .. many people GET autoimmune disease FROM
chemotherapy.

You see .. ?

Hence .. extrapolate THAT observation TO .. HIV / Aids in which the
authors of that theory say .. "Oxidative stress causes HIV / Aids an
autoimmune .. disease!"

* w w w .garynull . com /Documents/Continuum/LookingBack.htm

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* jesuswasavegetarian.7h . com


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DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
* tinyurl . com /zk9fk





> On Nov 17, 1:49 pm, monty1...@lycos . com wrote:
> Most people with "autoimmune diseases" haven't undergone
> chemotherapy,
> correct? In fact, there is plenty of evidence that biomolecules
> modified by lipid peroxidation lead to such "diseases," <<
>
> Yes .. monty .. technically that is PRECISELY what they say causes the
> diseases .. "lipid peroxidation" / oxidation .. SAME thing ..
>
> What they do is they give you either .. radiation / massive doses OF
> oxidation and / or .. chemotherapy / massive doses of chemical
> OXIDATION .. all of the above have a word in common.
>
> What is that word .. monty .. ?
>
> I will assume you don't KNOW what word that would be ..
> because .. ? .. you didn't mention or even HINT at the fact you KNEW
> what chemotherapy ACTUALLY .. **does** / mode of operation OF the
> chemotherapeutic .. drugs.
>
> Sooo .. what they are doing is basically homeopathetic medicine in
> which they are taking a "like cures like" .. massive oxidation to cure
> oxidative induced disease / lipid peroxidation / oxidation.
>
> "Chemotherapy induces oxidation" should bring up the studies .. let's
> see if it does ..
>
> Tuesday, 11 July 2006 - 12:00 PM
> 167-81
> Effect of Chemotherapy on Lipid Peroxidation in Leukemia
> FARHAD NEHMATULLA Hussen III, ph.D, oncology, arbil teaching hospital,
> setaqan, setaqan, arbil, Iraq
>
> Objective:effect of chemotherapy,antioxidant(vitamin E)on lipid
> peroxidation in leukemic cases. to investigate the effect of them on
> lipid peroxidation level
> Methods:100 of leukemic cases(50 AML-50 ALL)tested for the level of
> lipid peroxidation,albumin,ceruloplasmin,myoglobin , ferritin and
> immunoglobulins(A,G and M)before,after chemotherapy and after
> antioxidant therapy.
>
> Results:chemotherapy induces oxidation stress and increase production
> of free radicals,lead to reduction of endogenus defense elements
> significantly(P<005) But antioxidant therapy may improve defense
> elements and reduce lipid peroxidation level significantly(P<001-
> P<005).
>
> Who loves ya.
> Tom
>
> Jesus Was A Vegetarian! * jesuswasavegetarian.7h . com
>
> Man Is A Herbivore! * tinyurl . com /a3cc3
>
> DEAD PEOPLE WALKING * tinyurl . com /zk9fk

-- deleted messages --

Re: Free Radical Theory of Autoimmunity

I'm not sure what you are trying to convey in your several posts.
I've talked about "the Perth Group" in posts to this newsgroup, for
example. My point was that most "autoimmune disease" is likely the
result of too much lipid peroxidation and associated issues (such as
having AA in one's cells rather than the Mead acid, which is more
resistant to oxidative stress). How about this question for you: out
of all the people in the USA who have been diagnosed with an
"autoimmune disease" in 2006, how many have ever undergone
chemotherapy? The point about coconut oil is that it is very
resistant to lipid peroxidation (the only other fat source that is
similar is palm kernel oil), whereas many plant-based oils are very
susceptible to it, especially the way it is "refined," etc. before it
ever reaches a person's house. Is there something you don't
understand or feel you need clarified in this post?

Re: Free Radical Theory of Autoimmunity

On Nov 17, 9:20 pm, monty1...@lycos . com wrote:
I'm not sure what you are trying to convey in your several posts. <<

Well monty if you can't understand what I'm trying to say ..
means .. ?

Oxidation is lipid peroxidation ..

Do you UNDERSTAND .. ?

Is that .. hard .. ?

>> On Nov 17, 9:20 pm, monty1...@lycos . com wrote:
I've talked about "the Perth Group" in posts to this newsgroup, for
example. <<

Why .. ?

If you don't understand MY .. posts .. how would you understand ..
theirs .. ?

They are BOTH .. oxidation.

My point was that most "autoimmune disease" is likely the
result of too much lipid peroxidation ,,

You mean oxidation .. ?

On Nov 17, 9:20 pm, monty1...@lycos . com wrote:
How about this question for you: out
of all the people in the USA who have been diagnosed with an
"autoimmune disease" in 2006, how many have ever undergone
chemotherapy? <<

I just explained that to you .. and you didn't understand it.

What part of .. oxidation causes autoimmune disease .. don't you
understand .. ?

You didn't understand the original article ... and you didn't
understand my explanation .. ? .. sooo .. ? .. I can't really see what
you are doing on this thread ..

On Nov 17, 9:20 pm, monty1...@lycos . com wrote:
The point about coconut oil is that it is very
resistant to lipid peroxidation (the only other fat source that is
similar is palm kernel oil), whereas many plant-based oils are very
susceptible to it, especially the way it is "refined," etc.<<

What part of .. very few people have ever seen .. or heard .. or ever
WILL hear or see a .. fkg .. coconut .. don't you understand .. ?

On Nov 17, 9:20 pm, monty1...@lycos . com wrote:
understand or feel you need clarified in this post? <<

Yeah .. what the fk .. are you doing on it .. ?

You don't even know lipid peroxidation is .. oxidation ..


Who loves ya.
Tom


Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
* jesuswasavegetarian.7h . com


Man Is A Herbivore!
* tinyurl . com /a3cc3


DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
* tinyurl . com /zk9fk

Re: Free Radical Theory of Autoimmunity

On Nov 17, 9:20 pm, monty1...@lycos . com wrote: I'm not sure what you
are trying to convey in your several posts.<<

I attempted to convey .. in way too many words than .. necessary ..
the SAME THING .. the article concluded.
Is it that .. hard .. ?

*In honor of my mother Srimathi Kannika Kannan

Chronic oxidative stress is an essential regulatory element in the
evolution of drug resistance-mediated induction of autoimmunity
----------------------------
Oxidation causes autoimmunity.

Three words ..

You shouldn't have to write them down ..

I will repeat them for ya .. though ..

Oxidation causes autoimmunity.

Who loves ya.
Tom


Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
* jesuswasavegetarian.7h . com


Man Is A Herbivore!
* tinyurl . com /a3cc3


DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
* tinyurl . com /zk9fk





> I'm not sure what you are trying to convey in your several posts.
> I've talked about "the Perth Group" in posts to this newsgroup, for
> example. My point was that most "autoimmune disease" is likely the
> result of too much lipid peroxidation and associated issues (such as
> having AA in one's cells rather than the Mead acid, which is more
> resistant to oxidative stress). How about this question for you: out
> of all the people in the USA who have been diagnosed with an
> "autoimmune disease" in 2006, how many have ever undergone
> chemotherapy? The point about coconut oil is that it is very
> resistant to lipid peroxidation (the only other fat source that is
> similar is palm kernel oil), whereas many plant-based oils are very
> susceptible to it, especially the way it is "refined," etc. before it
> ever reaches a person's house. Is there something you don't
> understand or feel you need clarified in this post?

Re: Free Radical Theory of Autoimmunity

"Oxidation is lipid peroxidation..."

Lipid peroxidation is one form of oxidation. And there are "co-
factors," as your numerous posts about "iron overload" make clear.
Moreover, there are other, similar stressors, such as nitrosative. I
am not able to understand much of the rest you wrote, as it is written
in an incoherent way. I had one question, concerning how many
diagnosed with autoimmune diseases last year had ever undergone
chemotherapy, and I doubt I'll get a factual response from you at this
point, so this will be my last post to this thread.

Re: Free Radical Theory of Autoimmunity

On Nov 18, 1:57 pm, monty1...@lycos . com wrote:
I had one question, concerning how many diagnosed with autoimmune
diseases <<

And the question was answered ..

You asked the question for a .. reason .. ?

The thread was .. IS .. chemotherapy causes .. autoimmunity.

Therefore .. ? .. ?

A human model of autoimmunity.

THAT is precisely how they do it in the animal model of human disease.

Find a WAY to .. **create** the disease and then goforit.

YOU come onto the thread and ask a question which has been answered in
the first article IN the .. thread.

No question needs to be asked about .. how many people had
chemotheraphy .. UNLESS you didn't understand the article .

On Nov 18, 1:57 pm, monty1...@lycos . com wrote:
last year had ever undergonechemotherapy, and I doubt I'll get a
factual response
from you at this point, so this will be my last post to this thread.
<<

You ask .. "How many people have had chemotherapy ?"

What you should have said .. "I believe lipid peroxidation causes
autoimmunity and since there are soooooo .. many people WITH
autoimmunity who HAVEN'T gotten chemotherapy .. then obviously the
man is wrong " ...

???

He says chemotherapy causes autoimmunity .. not ALL .. autoimmunity.

OBVIOUSLY that is what he says.

Oxidation causes autoimmunity because .. ? .. because .. ?

THAT is what the thread is about .. chemotherapy / oxidation causes
autoimmunity.

NOT whether lipid peroxidation causes autoimmunity.

And the FACT you would rather RUN than accept the FACT that lipid
peroxidation is NOT the BE all end all .. means .. ?

The walls are falling around ya .. and time to change horses
midstream .. because .. ? .. most times it is not a good idea but when
you see your horse drowning and you are going to drown with
him .. ? .. grab a fresh horse ..

Stupid not to ..

You have one up on everyone else though .. you understand oxidation ..
better than most.

It is part of the scenario .. oxidation IS the scenario.

It is NOT the oxidation of the coconut oil in my body .. or his body
or her body .. and it is not the LACK of a coconut .. in our diet.

My eating of a nice potato and beans will suffice to offset the
inability of one to actually find a .. coconut.

Who loves ya.
Tom


Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
* jesuswasavegetarian.7h . com


Man Is A Herbivore!
* tinyurl . com /a3cc3


DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
* tinyurl . com /zk9fk

Re: Free Radical Theory of Autoimmunity

On Nov 18, 4:29 pm, ironjustice <teamtan...@hotmail . com > wrote:The
thread was .. IS .. chemotherapy causes .. autoimmunity.He says
chemotherapy causes autoimmunity .. not ALL .. autoimmunity. <<

"wonderfully unexpected"

* pubs.acs.org/cen/news/85/i37/8537notw1.html

September 10, 2007 Volume 85, Number 37 p. 8
Antibiotics
All Roads Lead To Hydroxyl Radicals
Compounds with different targets trigger common killing mechanism
Celia Arnaud

Kathleen Fink/Boston University

Collins (standing left), grad students Michael Kohanski (seated left)
and Carolyn Lawrence, and postdoc Daniel Dwyer figured out that
bactericidal antibiotics have a common death mechanism.THE MAJOR
CLASSES of bacteria-killing antibiotics may not be as different as
previously thought. Antibiotics are usually classified by their
primary target--DNA replication, protein synthesis, or cell-wall
synthesis. James J. Collins, professor of biomedical engineering at
Boston University, and coworkers now report that these seemingly
different antibiotics trigger a common cell death mechanism downstream
of their initial targets, generating hydroxyl radicals that damage
DNA, proteins, and lipids (Cell 2007, 130, 797). The findings point
the way to improving existing antibiotics.

Scott F. Singleton, an associate professor of medicinal chemistry and
natural products at the University of North Carolina School of
Pharmacy, calls the results "wonderfully unexpected, but in a way that
makes one say, 'Of course, why didn't we see that before?' "

The hydroxyl radicals are the product of an oxidative damage pathway,
the authors find. The interaction between each of the antibiotics and
its target triggers the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in as-yet-
unknown ways. The TCA cycle produces the reduced form of the cofactor
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), which shuttles electrons
down the electron transport chain of the respiratory pathway.
Increased electron transport activity stimulates the production of
superoxide, which in turn attacks iron-sulfur clusters in proteins.
The Fe2+ that is liberated from these proteins fuels the Fenton
reaction, in which Fe2+ reacts with hydrogen peroxide to form hydroxyl
radicals. These hydroxyl radicals wreak havoc on bacterial DNA,
proteins, and lipids, ultimately killing the cell.

Some antibiotics inhibit cell growth rather than killing the bacteria
outright. These so-called bacteriostatic antibiotics don't stimulate
the hydroxyl radicals, Collins says, nor do sublethal concentrations
of bactericidal antibiotics.

This work "foreshadows the development of adjuvants for antibiotic
chemotherapy," Singleton says, referring to small molecules that could
enhance the performance of existing antibiotics. Such a prospect has
not been lost on Collins. For example, the protein RecA serves as a
gatekeeper to the so-called SOS damage response that bacteria muster
to repair their DNA. A small-molecule RecA inhibitor used in
combination with existing antibiotics could make for "super"
antibiotic duos, Collins says.

Collins doesn't think that this hydroxyl radical pathway will help
against already-resistant bugs because most resistance mechanisms
target the interaction between the drug and its primary target. "We
think that this pathway is actually a downstream consequence of the
interactions of these antibiotics with their respective targets," he
says. "If resistance has already emerged, it's likely that this
pathway is not being triggered." Exploiting this pathway, however,
might stave off the development of resistance in the first place,
Collins notes.

Many scientists have been puzzled that "nature has devised antibiotics
that interfere with only a handful of cellular targets in the
bacteria," says Shahriar Mobashery, a chemist who studies antibiotics
and antibiotic resistance at the University of Notre Dame. The paucity
of targets has been hailed as a reason we might run out of clinical
options for treating bacterial infections. "Perhaps the triggering of
this oxidative damage is at play," Mobashery says. "Perhaps that
triggering event is seen only with inhibition of a handful of cellular
targets."

Chemical & Engineering News
ISSN 0009-2347
Copyright (c) 2007 American Chemical Society


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DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
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> On Nov 18, 1:57 pm, monty1...@lycos . com wrote:
> I had one question, concerning how many diagnosed with autoimmune
> diseases <<
>
> And the question was answered ..
>
> You asked the question for a .. reason .. ?
>
> The thread was .. IS .. chemotherapy causes .. autoimmunity.
>
> Therefore .. ? .. ?
>
> A human model of autoimmunity.
>
> THAT is precisely how they do it in the animal model of human disease.
>
> Find a WAY to .. **create** the disease and then goforit.
>
> YOU come onto the thread and ask a question which has been answered in
> the first article IN the .. thread.
>
> No question needs to be asked about .. how many people had
> chemotheraphy .. UNLESS you didn't understand the article .
>
> On Nov 18, 1:57 pm, monty1...@lycos . com wrote:
> last year had ever undergonechemotherapy, and I doubt I'll get a
> factual response
> from you at this point, so this will be my last post to this thread.
> <<
>
> You ask .. "How many people have had chemotherapy ?"
>
> What you should have said .. "I believe lipid peroxidation causes
> autoimmunity and since there are soooooo .. many people WITH
> autoimmunity who HAVEN'T gotten chemotherapy .. then obviously the
> man is wrong " ...
>
> ???
>
> He says chemotherapy causes autoimmunity .. not ALL .. autoimmunity.
>
> OBVIOUSLY that is what he says.
>
> Oxidation causes autoimmunity because .. ? .. because .. ?
>
> THAT is what the thread is about .. chemotherapy / oxidation causes
> autoimmunity.
>
> NOT whether lipid peroxidation causes autoimmunity.
>
> And the FACT you would rather RUN than accept the FACT that lipid
> peroxidation is NOT the BE all end all .. means .. ?
>
> The walls are falling around ya .. and time to change horses
> midstream .. because .. ? .. most times it is not a good idea but when
> you see your horse drowning and you are going to drown with
> him .. ? .. grab a fresh horse ..
>
> Stupid not to ..
>
> You have one up on everyone else though .. you understand oxidation ..
> better than most.
>
> It is part of the scenario .. oxidation IS the scenario.
>
> It is NOT the oxidation of the coconut oil in my body .. or his body
> or her body .. and it is not the LACK of a coconut .. in our diet.
>
> My eating of a nice potato and beans will suffice to offset the
> inability of one to actually find a .. coconut.
>
> Who loves ya.
> Tom
>
> Jesus Was A Vegetarian! * jesuswasavegetarian.7h . com
>
> Man Is A Herbivore! * tinyurl . com /a3cc3
>
> DEAD PEOPLE WALKING * tinyurl . com /zk9fk

Re: Free Radical Theory of Autoimmunity

>> On Nov 18, 1:57 pm, monty1...@lycos . com wrote:
Lipid peroxidation is one form of oxidation. <<

Proteinuria causes lipid .. oxidation ..

Originally published In Press as doi:10.1194/jlr.M700146-JLR200 on May
11, 2007
Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 48, 1792-1800, August 2007
Copyright (c) 2007 by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology

Proteinuria increases oxylipid concentrations in VLDL and HDL but not
LDL particles in the rat
John W. Newman1,*,,, George A. Kaysen**,, Bruce D. Hammock, and
Gregory C. Shearer**,

* Western Human Nutrition Research Center, United States Department of
Agriculture
Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
Department of Entomology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
** Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis,
Davis, CA
UC Davis Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care
System, Mather, CA

Published, JLR Papers in Press, May 11, 2007.


1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail:
jnewman@whnrc.usda.gov

We previously established that proteinuria alters the apolipoprotein
content of lipoproteins. This study was conducted to establish whether
proteinuria also alters the concentrations of oxidized lipids within
lipoprotein density fractions. To this end, we induced passive Heymann
nephritis in Sprague Dawley rats and measured an array of alkaline-
stable oxylipids in VLDL, LDL, and HDL particles. Proteinuria
increased the total oxylipid amounts in the HDL and VLDL fractions.
More importantly, these levels were increased when expressed per unit
lipoprotein protein, indicating that the oxidized lipid load per
particle was increased. Epoxides and diols increased 2-fold in HDL and
5-fold in VLDL, whereas LDL showed 2-fold decreases. The
hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids and hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (HODEs)
increased >4-fold in HDL and >20-fold in VLDL, whereas LDL showed 2-
fold decreases in the HODEs. Therefore, nephrotic syndrome alters the
lipoprotein oxylipid composition independently of an increase in total
lipoprotein levels. These proteinuria-induced changes may be
associated with the cardiovascular risk of lipoprotein oxidation.

Supplementary key words hyperlipidemia * metabolic profiling *
eicosanoids * octadecanoids * nephrotic syndrome * oxylipin *
lipoprotein


Abbreviations: apoA-I, apolipoprotein A-I; CUDA, 1-cyclohexylureido,3-
dodecanoic acid; EET, epoxyeicosatrienoic acid; EpOME,
epoxyoctadecamonoenoic acid; DHET, dihydroxyeicosatrieneoic acid;
DHOME, dihydroxyoctadecamonoenoic acid; HETE, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic
acid; HODE, hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid; HPLC/ESI-TOF, HPLC
electrospray ionization time-of-flight; LpL, lipoprotein lipase; MS,
mass spectroscopy; TGRL, triglyceride-rich lipoprotein; TG,
triglyceride


Who loves ya.
Tom


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* jesuswasavegetarian.7h . com


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DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
* tinyurl . com /zk9fk

Re: Free Radical Theory of Autoimmunity

>> On Nov 19, 4:44 pm, ironjustice <teamtan...@hotmail . com > wrote:Proteinuri=
a causes lipid .. oxidation ..
<<

Proteinuria manifests when one goes to altitude and when one goes to
altitude one manifests increased red blood cell production /
erythrocytosis / polycythemia / hemochromatosis / iron overload..

"Proteinuria at high altitude.Proteinuria at high altitude. A
Bradwell
and J Delamere. Full text ... Pines A. High-altitude acclimatization
and proteinuria in East Africa. ...
w w w .pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1599488 - "


Proteinuria is a marker used by .. them .. to assess disease
activity / severity.

Proteinuria is a .. bad .. thing ..
Proteinuria appears in kidney disease .. in fact it is THE marker to
assess kidney function.
"Coincidentally" .. to .. **everyone** .. it seems .. increased red
blood cell production .. CAUSES .. kidney disease ..
Soooo .. the increased red blood cell production / erythrocytosis /
polycythemia / hemochromatosis / iron overload .. destroys the
kidneys ..

Pretty simple.

* kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/proteinuria/

<<snip>>
Serum ferritin levels are increased in patients with glomerular
diseases and proteinuria
<<snip>>

NDT Advance Access originally published online on August 17, 2004
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2004 19(11):2754-2760; doi:
10.1093/
ndt/gfh454


Nephrol Dial Transplant Vol. 19 No. 11 (c) ERA-EDTA 2004; all rights
reserved


----------------------------------------------------------------------------=
-----
Original Article


Serum ferritin levels are increased in patients with glomerular
diseases and proteinuria
Amanda J. W. Branten1, Dorine W. Swinkels2, Ina S. Klasen2 and Jack
F.
M. Wetzels1
1 Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and 2 Department of
Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The
Netherlands


Correspondence and offprint requests to: A. J. W. Branten, MD,
Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology 545, University
Medical
Center Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Email: A.Bran...@nier.umcn.nl


Abstract


Background. Ferritin is a high molecular weight protein which
reflects
body iron stores, but may also rise in the case of an acute phase
response. Recently, ferritin has been identified as a predictive
factor in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. This is
the first report on serum ferritin levels in patients with
proteinuria.


Methods. We have analysed the data of 142 male patients with a
glomerular disease, and proteinuria exceeding 1 g/day. In all
patients, we measured various parameters related to proteinuria,
serum
ferritin and serum iron. Serum ß2-microglobulin and the Modification
of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation were used as measures of the
glomerular filtration rate (GFR).


Results. Mean age (±SD) was 46±15 years, MDRD-GFR 57±25 ml/min/1.73
m2
and median proteinuria 8.0 g/day [interquartile range (IQR) 3.6-13].
Serum albumin (29±9 g/l) and transferrin levels (1.7±0.5 g/l) were
low, and cholesterol levels were elevated (median 7.3, IQR 5.9-9.5
mmol/l). Median serum ferritin was 148 µg/l (IQR 89-282), and
exceeded
280 µg/l, the upper limit of normal, in 36 patients (25%). Elevated
serum ferritin levels could not be explained by an acute phase
response as determined by C-reactive protein, or haemochromatosis
(DNA
analysis). Regression analysis showed an independent relationship
between ferritin levels and serum cholesterol, GFR and serum
transferrin.


Conclusions. Serum ferritin levels are elevated in patients with
overt
proteinuria. The independent negative relationship between serum
ferritin and transferrin points to a specific process and suggests
that increased production of ferritin may compensate for the loss of
the iron-binding protein transferrin, thus reducing the amount of
free
iron. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of ferritin in
patients with proteinuria, especially because of the suggested
association between ferritin and atherosclerosis.


Keywords: ferritin; glomerulopathy; iron; proteinuria
-------------------------

Hyperuricemia, hypertension, and proteinuria associated with high-
altitude polycythemia
Auteur(s) / Author(s)
JEFFERSON J. Ashley ; ESCUDERO Elizabeth ; HURTADO Maria-Elena ;
PANDO
KELLY Jackeline ; SWENSON Erik R. ; WENER Mark H. ; BURNIER Michel ;
MAILLARD Marc ; SCHREINER George F. ; SCHOENE Robert B. ; HURTADO
Abdias ; JOHNSON Richard J. ;
Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s)
Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of
Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, ETATS-UNIS
The Carlos Monge Cassinelli Nephrology Center, Hospital Loayza,
Division of Nephrology, University Cayetano Heredia, Lima, PEROU
Division of Hypertension and Vascular Medicine, Centre Hospitalier
Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, SUISSE
Scios Inc, Sunnyvale, CA, ETATS-UNIS
Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,
ETATS-
UNIS

Résumé / Abstract
Chronic exposure to high altitude is associated with the
development
of erythrocytosis, proteinuria, and, in some cases, hyperuricemia. We
examined the relationship between high-altitude polycythemia and
proteinuria and hyperuricemia in Cerro de Pasco, Peru (altitude,
4,300
m). We studied 25 adult men with hematocrits less than 65% and 27
subjects with excessive erythrocytosis (EE; hematocrit > 65%) living
in Cerro de Pasco, Peru and compared them with 28 control subjects
living in Lima, Peru (at sea level) and after 48 hours of exposure to
high altitude. Serum urate levels were significantly elevated in
patients with EE at altitude, and gout occurred in 4 of 27 of these
subjects. Urate level strongly correlated with hematocrit (r = 0.71;
P
< 0.0001). Urate production (24-hour urine urate excretion and urine
urate-creatinine ratio) was increased in this group compared with
those at sea level. Fractional urate excretion was not increased, and
fractional lithium excretion was reduced, in keeping with increased
proximal reabsorption of filtrate. Significantly higher blood
pressures and decreased renin levels in the EE group were in keeping
with increased proximal sodium reabsorption. Serum urate levels
correlated with mean blood pressure (r = 0.50; P < 0.0001).
Significant proteinuria was more prevalent in the EE group despite
normal renal function. Hyperuricemia is common in subjects living at
high altitude and associated with EE, hypertension, and proteinuria.
The increase in uric acid levels appears to be caused by increased
urate generation secondary to systemic hypoxia, although a relative
impairment in renal excretion also may contribute.
Revue / Journal Title
American journal of kidney diseases (Am. j. kidney dis.) ISSN
0272-6386
Source / Source
2002, vol. 39, no6, pp. 1135-1142 (36 ref.)
Langue / Language
Anglais


Editeur / Publisher
Elsevier, Orlando, FL, ETATS-UNIS (1981) (Revue)


Mots-clés anglais / English Keywords
Hemopathy ; Urinary system disease ; Cardiovascular disease ;
Metabolic diseases ; Enzyme ; Oxidoreductases ; Oxygen ; Purine ;
Human ; Hypoxia ; Uric acid ; Hematocrite ; Serum ; Quantitative
analysis ; Urate oxidase ; Chronic ; High altitude ; Polycythemia ;
Association ; Proteinuria ; Hypertension ; Hyperuricemia ;
Mots-clés français / French Keywords
Hémopathie ; Appareil urinaire pathologie ; Appareil circulatoire
pathologie ; Métabolisme pathologie ; Enzyme ; Oxidoreductases ;
Oxygène ; Purine ; Homme ; Hypoxie ; Urique acide ; Hématocrite ;
Sérum ; Analyse quantitative ; Urate oxidase ; Chronique ; Haute
altitude ; Polyglobulie ; Association ; Protéinurie ; Hypertension
artérielle ; Hyperuricémie ;
Mots-clés espagnols / Spanish Keywords
Hemopatía ; Aparato urinario patología ; Aparato circulatorio
patología ; Metabolismo patología ; Enzima ; Oxidoreductases ;
Oxígeno ; Purina ; Hombre ; Hipoxia ; Urico ácido ; Hematocrito ;
Suero ; Análisis cuantitativo ; Urate oxidase ; Crónico ; Gran
altura ; Policitemia ; Asociación ; Proteinuria ; Hipertensión
arterial ; Hiperuricemia ;
Localisation / Location
INIST-CNRS, Cote INIST : 19098, 35400010824325.0020


Copyright 2007 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved


Toute reproduction ou diffusion même partielle, par quelque procédé
ou
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No part of these records may be reproduced of distributed, in any
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or by any means, without the prior written permission of INIST-CNRS.


Nº notice refdoc (ud4) : 13701434


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