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Post Subject:

Germanium

Reply from: ian field
Date: 31 May 2008, 15:40
Re: Germanium


"Eeyore" <rabbitsfriendsandrelations@hotmail,com > wrote in message
news:4841366B.C3073082@hotmail,com ...
>
>
> ian field wrote:
>
>> try with both silicon and germanium diodes and feed any convenient
>> audio signal through it, it will become obvious that the silicon diodes
>> produce much harsher clipping.
>
> Because a germanium diode is likely to be a point contact type and a
> silicon
> diode is likely to be a junction type.
>
> That's the same as comparing chalk and cheese. What's the point of that ?

Exactly - comparing chalk and cheese.

I thought you were arguing there was no difference!



Reply from: Eeyore
Date: 31 May 2008, 15:50
Re: Germanium



ian field wrote:

> "Eeyore" wrote
> > ian field wrote:
> >
> >> try with both silicon and germanium diodes and feed any convenient
> >> audio signal through it, it will become obvious that the silicon diodes
> >> produce much harsher clipping.
> >
> > Because a germanium diode is likely to be a point contact type and a
> > silicon diode is likely to be a junction type.
> >
> > That's the same as comparing chalk and cheese. What's the point of that ?
>
> Exactly - comparing chalk and cheese.
>
> I thought you were arguing there was no difference!

Why would you want to compare a point contact diode with a junction one when
you're really interested in comparing the semiconductor material ?

If you wanted to compare a BMW to a Merc would you fit one with skinny 100,000
mile Chinese tyres and the other with fat Bridgestone slicks ?

Makes as much sense.

Think man !

Graham



Reply from: Jim Kelley
Date: 02 Jun 2008, 21:03
Re: Germanium



Eeyore wrote:

>
> ian field wrote:
>
>
>>"Eeyore" wrote
>>
>>>ian field wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>>>try with both silicon and germanium diodes and feed any convenient
>>>>audio signal through it, it will become obvious that the silicon diodes
>>>>produce much harsher clipping.
>>>
>>>Because a germanium diode is likely to be a point contact type and a
>>>silicon diode is likely to be a junction type.
>>>
>>>That's the same as comparing chalk and cheese. What's the point of that ?
>>
>>Exactly - comparing chalk and cheese.
>>
>>I thought you were arguing there was no difference!
>
>
> Why would you want to compare a point contact diode with a junction one when
> you're really interested in comparing the semiconductor material ?
>
> If you wanted to compare a BMW to a Merc would you fit one with skinny 100,000
> mile Chinese tyres and the other with fat Bridgestone slicks ?
>
> Makes as much sense.
>
> Think man !
>
> Graham

I'm thinking that you've added to the list of reasons for the audible
difference between the silicon and germanium diodes used in audio
circuits.

jk




Reply from: RichCI
Date: 14 May 2008, 17:08
Re: Germanium

On May 10, 10:20 am, Eeyore <rabbitsfriendsandrelati...@hotmail,com >
wrote:
> Howard Davis wrote:
> > The sound of semiconductor distortion is far more
> > dependent on the specific circuitry the diodes or transistors are used in
> > than on the semiconductor material itself.
>
> Absolutely right.
>
> I suspect what the promoters of 'germanium' circuitry are seeking to achieve is
> the sound of old circuit design principles.
>
> I'm sure that you could put a silicon device in there (suitably re-biased) and
> you'd get the same effect.


I agree, to an extent. I don't know anything about the technical
attributes between germanium and silicon transistors, but I can state,
from my own experience, that they do sound and "feel" different (which
sounds better is subjective) when compared side by side. I have a
Foxrox Captain Coconut and all four of the different fuzz cards:

http :// www .analogman,com /coconut.htm

To me, the cards with germanium transistors have a darker, smoother
tone to them and a little more "give" but all still have their own
individual differences as well The silicon and hybrid cards are a bit
brighter and "harder" sounding.

The silicon card can get a smoother, less raspy sound by adjusting the
bias control but still lacks some of the give that the germanium cards
offer.

I find that the silicon circuit works best with my band when going for
heavier fuzz sounds as it cuts through better than the germanium
circuits; for more mellow fuzz tones, the germanium circuits sound
much better. At the risk of sounding like I analyzed rather than
listened, the hybrid card really does cover the best of both worlds
for my situation so, for the sake of being practical, I use that one
with the band and mess with the others at home.

My two cents.

Reply from: teemukyttala@gmail,com
Date: 14 May 2008, 20:49
Re: Germanium

Anyone who has ever played around with Fuzz Face -type of circuit
tweaking the component values and stuff will know that the circuit’s
DC bias is quite dependant on the gain of the used transistors.
Switching different models in without re-biasing the circuit has a
huge effect on DC levels and therefore signal’s clipping
characteristics as well. Furthermore, the voltage gain of the first
transistor stage dominates the amount of negative feedback from the
emitter of the second stage to base of the first and therefore also
has an impact on circuit’s behaviour. The gain of the second
transistor has a huge effect on voltage gain and thus the amount of
clipping. Overall, the gains of the transistors have a huge effect on
the behaviour of the particular circuit. While some circuits are quite
immune to device variation the Fuzz Face circuit is a fine example of
a circuit that is pretty much the opposite. Then, as is already
mentioned on the linked site, frequency response of the circuit makes
a huge difference as well. Again, there are quite a many other factors
dominating the tone than just the semiconductor material. Are you
taking these on account when you evaluate the sonic effects? I also
wonder how much the circuits differ besides using different
transistors...

Reply from: RichCI
Date: 14 May 2008, 22:03
Re: Germanium

On May 14, 2:49 pm, teemukytt...@gmail,com wrote:
> Anyone who has ever played around with Fuzz Face -type of circuit
> tweaking the component values and stuff will know that the circuit’s
> DC bias is quite dependant on the gain of the used transistors.
> Switching different models in without re-biasing the circuit has a
> huge effect on DC levels and therefore signal’s clipping
> characteristics as well. Furthermore, the voltage gain of the first
> transistor stage dominates the amount of negative feedback from the
> emitter of the second stage to base of the first and therefore also
> has an impact on circuit’s behaviour. The gain of the second
> transistor has a huge effect on voltage gain and thus the amount of
> clipping. Overall, the gains of the transistors have a huge effect on
> the behaviour of the particular circuit. While some circuits are quite
> immune to device variation the Fuzz Face circuit is a fine example of
> a circuit that is pretty much the opposite. Then, as is already
> mentioned on the linked site, frequency response of the circuit makes
> a huge difference as well. Again, there are quite a many other factors
> dominating the tone than just the semiconductor material. Are you
> taking these on account when you evaluate the sonic effects? I also
> wonder how much the circuits differ besides using different
> transistors...


The circuits for the fuzz cards appear to be identical (that includes
the power supply which is not a part of the cards but part of the
pedal itself) except for the transistors. Here are photos of three of
the cards:

http :// www .foxroxelectronics,com /CC2%20FuzzCard.html

Reply from: Monster Zero
Date: 09 May 2008, 21:21
Re: Germanium


"MG" <100550.3170@compuserve,com > wrote in message
news:482c9d72.82879935@news,fr eeuk,net ...
> Hi
>
> Suddenly, there is a lot of Buzz(!) about Germanium transistors in
> boutique effects etc. I have a couple of 70's effects and an amp that
> contains these and no-way do they sound any better than
> silicone/modern equivalents. Why are people going mad for them all of
> a sudden??
>
> Am I missing something?
>
> MG
> UK

Same reason the "Marshall crowd" goes for Marshall, it's called hype. Don't
get me wrong, Mashall makes some decent amps but no way should they be
coveted like they are.



Reply from: Pete
Date: 09 May 2008, 22:34
Re: Germanium


"Monster Zero" <someone@somewhere,com > wrote in message
news:cv1Vj.27$mc1.17@trndny08...
>
> "MG" <100550.3170@compuserve,com > wrote in message
> news:482c9d72.82879935@news,fr eeuk,net ...
>> Hi
>>
>> Suddenly, there is a lot of Buzz(!) about Germanium transistors in
>> boutique effects etc. I have a couple of 70's effects and an amp that
>> contains these and no-way do they sound any better than
>> silicone/modern equivalents. Why are people going mad for them all of
>> a sudden??
>>
>> Am I missing something?
>>
>> MG
>> UK
>
> Same reason the "Marshall crowd" goes for Marshall, it's called hype.
> Don't get me wrong, Mashall makes some decent amps but no way should they
> be coveted like they are.
>

Bullshit! Marshall's are the only amps that I can find a useable tone in 3.5
seconds.
Nothing else comes close.



Reply from: Monster Zero
Date: 10 May 2008, 03:03
Re: Germanium


"Pete" <a.anitoli@verizon,net > wrote in message
news:7z2Vj.221$za1.7@trndny07...
>
> "Monster Zero" <someone@somewhere,com > wrote in message
> news:cv1Vj.27$mc1.17@trndny08...
>>
>> "MG" <100550.3170@compuserve,com > wrote in message
>> news:482c9d72.82879935@news,fr eeuk,net ...
>>> Hi
>>>
>>> Suddenly, there is a lot of Buzz(!) about Germanium transistors in
>>> boutique effects etc. I have a couple of 70's effects and an amp that
>>> contains these and no-way do they sound any better than
>>> silicone/modern equivalents. Why are people going mad for them all of
>>> a sudden??
>>>
>>> Am I missing something?
>>>
>>> MG
>>> UK
>>
>> Same reason the "Marshall crowd" goes for Marshall, it's called hype.
>> Don't get me wrong, Mashall makes some decent amps but no way should they
>> be coveted like they are.
>>
>
> Bullshit! Marshall's are the only amps that I can find a useable tone in
> 3.5 seconds.
> Nothing else comes close.
>

lol



Reply from: west
Date: 09 May 2008, 21:52
Re: Germanium

MG wrote:
> Hi
>
> Suddenly, there is a lot of Buzz(!) about Germanium transistors in
> boutique effects etc. I have a couple of 70's effects and an amp that
> contains these and no-way do they sound any better than
> silicone/modern equivalents. Why are people going mad for them all of
> a sudden??
>
> Am I missing something?
>
> MG
> UK

They leak.

Reply from: ian field
Date: 10 May 2008, 15:47
Re: Germanium


"west" <west@birch,net > wrote in message
news:7r-dnV9N5LQENrnVnZ2dnUVZ_rjinZ2d@posted.birchtelecom...
> MG wrote:
>> Hi
>>
>> Suddenly, there is a lot of Buzz(!) about Germanium transistors in
>> boutique effects etc. I have a couple of 70's effects and an amp that
>> contains these and no-way do they sound any better than
>> silicone/modern equivalents. Why are people going mad for them all of
>> a sudden??
>>
>> Am I missing something?
>>
>> MG
>> UK
>
> They leak.

On the simple hfe testers incorporated into some multimeters, the leakage
current of a germanium transistor will usually cause a false high gain
reading. The leakage current also rises much more rapidly with temperature
than silicon, with power circuits considerable care is needed in design to
avoid thermal runaway - as the transistor heats up the leakage current rises
increasing the current draw still further and so heating up even more,
sometimes until the transistors junction is destroyed.

Germanium transistors are usually noisier (hiss), the lower forward biased
junction can be useful for sustain circuits and is easier to overdrive in
clipping circuits, the base emitter junction has a softer voltage/current
knee curve which can produce a different tone to silicon if you know how to
use it.

Germanium is also making a comeback in microwave semiconductors, but usually
in combination with silicon or some other modern semiconductor material - I
believe it offers advantages in the making of high electron mobility
devices.



Reply from: Angus Manwaring
Date: 10 May 2008, 21:21
Re: Germanium

On 10-May-08 13:47:21, ian field said
>"west" <west@birch,net > wrote in message
>news:7r-dnV9N5LQENrnVnZ2dnUVZ_rjinZ2d@posted.birchtelecom...

>Germanium transistors are usually noisier (hiss), the lower forward biased
>junction can be useful for sustain circuits and is easier to overdrive in
>clipping circuits, the base emitter junction has a softer voltage/current
>knee curve which can produce a different tone to silicon if you know how to
>use it.

Interesting.


Is that right then, Graham?


All the best,
Angus Manwaring. (for e-mail remove ANTISPEM)

I need your memories for the Amiga Games Database: A collection of Amiga
Game reviews by Amiga players http :// www .angusm.demon.co.uk/AGDB/AGDB.html


Reply from: DGDevin
Date: 09 May 2008, 23:09
Re: Germanium

MG wrote:
> Hi
>
> Suddenly, there is a lot of Buzz(!) about Germanium transistors in
> boutique effects etc. I have a couple of 70's effects and an amp that
> contains these and no-way do they sound any better than
> silicone/modern equivalents. Why are people going mad for them all of
> a sudden??
>
> Am I missing something?
>
> MG
> UK

Be careful, Germanium transistors have a habit of invading any components
made with Francium or Polonium, and then you have to bring in components
made with Americium to sort it all out and pay for rebuilding the old
components without getting any credit for it. Some folks think putting
Europium components into the circuit will stabilize the Germanium and keep
it from being aggressive, we'll see.



Reply from: cclawsonco@gmail,com
Date: 09 May 2008, 23:19
Re: Germanium

On May 9, 3:09 pm, "DGDevin" <dgde...@invalid.invalid> wrote:
> MG wrote:
> > Hi
>
> > Suddenly, there is a lot of Buzz(!) about Germanium transistors in
> > boutique effects etc. I have a couple of 70's effects and an amp that
> > contains these and no-way do they sound any better than
> > silicone/modern equivalents. Why are people going mad for them all of
> > a sudden??
>
> > Am I missing something?
>
> > MG
> > UK
>
> Be careful, Germanium transistors have a habit of invading any components
> made with Francium or Polonium, and then you have to bring in components
> made with Americium to sort it all out and pay for rebuilding the old
> components without getting any credit for it.  Some folks think putting
> Europium components into the circuit will stabilize the Germanium and keep
> it from being aggressive, we'll see.

I call bullshit. How can you get a geranium in a foot pedal? That's
just dumb...
Chuck

Reply from: Don Freeman
Date: 09 May 2008, 23:27
Re: Germanium


<cclawsonco@gmail,com > wrote in message
news:3fa33c80-7d59-423c-8087-09006e856b21@25g2000hsx.googlegroups,com ...
On May 9, 3:09 pm, "DGDevin" <dgde...@invalid.invalid> wrote:
>
> Be careful, Germanium transistors have a habit of invading any components
> made with Francium or Polonium, and then you have to bring in components
> made with Americium to sort it all out and pay for rebuilding the old
> components without getting any credit for it. Some folks think putting
> Europium components into the circuit will stabilize the Germanium and keep
> it from being aggressive, we'll see.

I call bullshit. How can you get a geranium in a foot pedal? That's
just dumb...
Chuck
==================

Are you kidding? That crap grows everywhere.

--
-Don
Ever had one of those days where you just felt like:
http :// cosmoslair,com /BadDay.html ?
(Eating the elephant outside the box, one paradigm at a time)





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