Re: Erythrocytosis and Vasopressin and AcetylcholineOn Apr 10, 11:20 am, ironjustice <teamtan...@hotmail,com >
wrote:acetylcholine
"Plasma glucose-lowering action of acetylcholine"
Lee WK, Kao ST, Liu IM, Cheng JT
Increase of insulin secretion by ginsenoside Rh2 to lower plasma
glucose in Wistar rats. [Journal Article]
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2006 Jan-Feb; 33(1-2):27-32.
1. The aim of the present study was to clarify the role of ginsenoside
Rh2 as the active compound in Panax ginseng root for lowering plasma
glucose in animals. 2. Plasma glucose was assessed using the glucose
oxidase method. Changes in the levels of insulin and C-peptide in
plasma were measured by ELISA using commercially available kits. 3.
After intravenous injection into fasting Wistar rats for 60 min,
ginsenoside Rh2 (0.1-1.0 mg/kg) decreased plasma glucose in a dose-
dependent manner. In parallel with the decrease in plasma glucose,
increases in plasma insulin levels, as well as plasma C-peptide, were
observed in rats receiving the same treatment. These effects of Rh2
were reversed by atropine (0.1-1.0 mg/kg), but not affected by the
ganglionic nicotinic antagonists pentolinium or hexamethonium (both at
7.5 mg/kg). 4. Disruption of synaptically available acetylcholine
(ACh) using an inhibitor of choline uptake (hemicholinium-3; 1-10
microg/kg) or an inhibitor of vesicular ACh transport (vesamicol;
1.5-3.5 mg/kg) abolished the actions of Rh2. In addition,
physostigmine (0.1-0.5 mg/kg), at a concentration sufficient to
inhibit acetylcholinesterase, enhanced the actions of the ginsenoside
Rh2. Thus, mediation of the effects of Rh2 to enhance insulin
secretion by ACh released from nerve terminals can be considered. 5.
Blockade of the increase in plasma insulin and the plasma glucose-
lowering action of Rh2 by 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperdine
methiodide (4-DAMP; 5-10 microg/kg) indicates the participation of
muscarinic M(3) receptors. Increases in plasma C-peptide level induced
by Rh2 were also sensitive to 4-DAMP. 6. The results of the present
study suggest that ginsenoside Rh2 has the ability to increase insulin
secretion as a result of the release of ACh from nerve terminals that
then stimulates muscarinic M(3) receptors in pancreatic cells. This
finding shows the mechanism for the plasma glucose-lowering action of
ginsenoside Rh2, that is one of the major principles contained in P.
ginseng root. Thus, ginsenoside Rh2 may be applied as an adjuvant for
the management of diabetes.
Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology. [Clin Exp
Pharmacol Physiol]
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Who loves ya.
Tom
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> Erythrocytosis in the dog leads to a lack of vasopressin and a lack of
> acetylcholine leads to a lack of vasopressin.
>
> Erythrocytosis is controlled by the hormones.
> Up-mens / more red blood cells and down-womens / less red blood
> cells .
>
> IS vasopressin controlled AT the 'same time' ..?
> When one is erythrocytotic / high red blood cells DOES the body
> naturally lower the testosterone and ALSO as a consequence of the
> downregulation of the pituitary hormones ALSO lower the ..
> vasopressin.
>
> Which would explain the lack of vitamin D in the world's population
> since vitamin D is a hormone.
>
> Now where does acetylcholine .. fit .. in this mix.
>
> "Irreversible complications"
>
> Jpn J Med. 1991 Nov-Dec;30(6):545-7.
> Erythrocytosis in hypophosphatemic rickets: irreversible complication
> due to nephrocalcinosis after vitamin D and phosphate therapy.
>
> Okazaki R, Matsumoto T, Harada S, Fukomoto S, Motokura T, Ogata E.
>
> Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tokyo School of
> Medicine, Japan.
>
> A patient with hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant rickets developed
> secondary erythrocytosis during treatment with large doses of vitamin
> D2 and phosphate. Erythrocytosis was accompanied by a fall in
> circulating plasma volume and appeared to have developed as a
> consequence of nephrocalcinosis because it occurred after the
> appearance of nephrocalcinosis following several episodes of
> hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. Nephrocalcinosis and
> erythrocytosis did not disappear even after recovery of renal
> function. Thus, the present observations point to the importance of
> preventing these irreversible complications that could cause renal
> failure, erythrocytosis, and thrombotic events during the management
> of hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant rickets.
>
> Publication Types:
> Case Reports
> Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
>
> PMID: 1665879 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
>
> --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Who loves ya.
> Tom
>
> Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh
>
> Man Is A Herbivore! http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3
>
> DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http :// tinyurl,com /zk9fk