Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic Cancer

Carcinogenesis Advance Access
published online on June 15, 2005
Carcinogenesis, doi:10.1093/carcin/bgi157

MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CANCER PREVENTION


Lupeol, a fruit and vegetable based triterpene, induces apoptotic
death of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells via inhibition of Ras
signaling pathway
Mohammad Saleem 1, Satwinderjeet Kaur 1, Mee-Hyang Kweon 1, Vaqar
Mustafa Adhami 1, Farrukh Afaq 1, and Hasan Mukhtar 1*
1 Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Hasan Mukhtar, E-mail: hmukhtar@wisc.edu

Abstract

Pancreatic cancer is an exceptionally aggressive disease, the
treatment of which has largely been unsuccessful due to higher
resistance offered by pancreatic cancer cells to conventional
approaches such as surgery, radiation and/or chemotherapy. The
aberration of Ras oncoprotein has been linked to the induction of
multiple signaling pathways and to the resistance offered by
pancreatic cancer cells to the apoptosis. Therefore, there is a need
for development of new and effective chemotherapeutic agents which can
target multiple pathways to induce responsiveness of pancreatic cancer
cells to death signals. In this study, human pancreatic adenocarcinoma
cells AsPC-1 were used to investigate the effect of Lupeol on cell
growth and its effects on the modulation of multiple Ras-induced
signaling pathways. Lupeol caused a dose-dependent inhibition of cell
growth as assessed by MTT assay and induction of apoptosis as assessed
by flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy and western blotting.
Lupeol treatment to cells was found to significantly reduce the
expression of Ras oncoprotein and modulate the protein expression of
various signaling molecules involved in PKC/ODC, PI3K/Akt and MAPKs
pathways along with a significant reduction in the activation of NFB
signaling pathway. Our data suggests that Lupeol can adopt a multi-
prong strategy to target multiple signaling pathways leading to
induction of apoptosis and inhibition of growth of pancreatic cancer
cells. Lupeol could be a potential agent against pancreatic cancer
however, further in-depth in vivo studies are warranted.

Keywords: Lupeol; Ras; ODC; PKC; NFB; Pancreatic cancer;
chemoprevention.
© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights
reserved. For permissions, please email:
journals.permissions@oupjournals.org
Received April 12, 2005
Revised May 26, 2005
Accepted June 7, 2005

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Who loves ya.
Tom


Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh


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http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3


DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http :// tinyurl,com /zk9fk

Re: Pancreatic Cancer

On Apr 13, 7:53 pm, "ironjust...@aol,com " <ironjust...@aol,com >
wrote:lupeol <<

Sooo .. I wonder if the absorption of this is enhanced when one takes
oil with it .. ?

Clinical Cancer Research 14, 2119-2127, April 1, 2008. doi:
10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-4413
(c) 2008 American Association for Cancer Research


Cancer Therapy: Preclinical

Lupeol Inhibits Growth of Highly Aggressive Human Metastatic Melanoma
Cells In vitro and In vivo by Inducing Apoptosis
Mohammad Saleem, Nityanand Maddodi, Mohammad Abu Zaid, Naghma Khan,
Bilal bin Hafeez, Mohammad Asim, Yewseok Suh, Jung-Mi Yun,
Vijayasaradhi Setaluri and Hasan Mukhtar
Authors' Affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of
Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin

Requests for reprints: Hasan Mukhtar, Department of Dermatology,
University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, MSC-25B, Madison, WI
53706. Phone: 608-263-3927; Fax: 608-263-5223; E-mail:
hmukhtar@wisc.edu.

Purpose: Poor prognosis of metastatic melanoma mandates the
development of novel strategies for its treatment and prevention. In
this study, the effect of lupeol, a diet-based triterpene, was
determined on the growth and tumorigenicity of human melanoma cells in
vitro and in vivo.

Experimental Design: Normal human melanocytes, and human metastatic
(451Lu) and nonmetastatic (WM35) cells were treated with lupeol; its
effect on growth, proliferation, and apoptosis were evaluated. Further
athymic nude mice bearing 451Lu cell-originated tumors were
administered with lupeol thrice a week, and its effect on tumor growth
and surrogate biomarkers was evaluated.

Results: Lupeol significantly decreased the viability of 451Lu and
WM35 melanoma cells but had only a marginal effect on normal human
melanocyte cells at similar doses. Lupeol treatment of 451Lu cells
caused (a) G1-S phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis; (b) down-
regulation of Bcl2 and up-regulation of Bax; (c) activation of
caspase-3 and induction of poly(ADP)ribose polymerase cleavage; (d)
decreased expression of cyclin D1, cyclin D2, and cdk2; and (e)
increased expression of p21 protein. Next, lupeol significantly
reduced 451Lu tumor growth in athymic nude mice and modulated the
expression of proliferation markers, apoptotic markers, and cell cycle
regulatory molecules in tumor xenografts.

Conclusion: Our findings showed the anticancer efficacy of lupeol with
mechanistic rationale against metastatic human melanoma cells. We
suggest that lupeol, alone or as an adjuvant to current therapies,
could be useful for the management of human melanoma.


Who loves ya.
Tom


Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh


Man Is A Herbivore!
http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3


DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http :// tinyurl,com /zk9fk







> Carcinogenesis Advance Access
> published online on June 15, 2005
> Carcinogenesis, doi:10.1093/carcin/bgi157
>
> MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CANCER PREVENTION
>
> Lupeol, a fruit and vegetable based triterpene, induces apoptotic
> death of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells via inhibition of Ras
> signaling pathway
> Mohammad Saleem 1, Satwinderjeet Kaur 1, Mee-Hyang Kweon 1, Vaqar
> Mustafa Adhami 1, Farrukh Afaq 1, and Hasan Mukhtar 1*
> 1 Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
>
> * To whom correspondence should be addressed.
> Hasan Mukhtar, E-mail: hmukh...@wisc.edu
>
> Abstract
>
> Pancreatic cancer is an exceptionally aggressive disease, the
> treatment of which has largely been unsuccessful due to higher
> resistance offered by pancreatic cancer cells to conventional
> approaches such as surgery, radiation and/or chemotherapy. The
> aberration of Ras oncoprotein has been linked to the induction of
> multiple signaling pathways and to the resistance offered by
> pancreatic cancer cells to the apoptosis. Therefore, there is a need
> for development of new and effective chemotherapeutic agents which can
> target multiple pathways to induce responsiveness of pancreatic cancer
> cells to death signals. In this study, human pancreatic adenocarcinoma
> cells AsPC-1 were used to investigate the effect of Lupeol on cell
> growth and its effects on the modulation of multiple Ras-induced
> signaling pathways. Lupeol caused a dose-dependent inhibition of cell
> growth as assessed by MTT assay and induction of apoptosis as assessed
> by flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy and western blotting.
> Lupeol treatment to cells was found to significantly reduce the
> expression of Ras oncoprotein and modulate the protein expression of
> various signaling molecules involved in PKC/ODC, PI3K/Akt and MAPKs
> pathways along with a significant reduction in the activation of NFB
> signaling pathway. Our data suggests that Lupeol can adopt a multi-
> prong strategy to target multiple signaling pathways leading to
> induction of apoptosis and inhibition of growth of pancreatic cancer
> cells. Lupeol could be a potential agent against pancreatic cancer
> however, further in-depth in vivo studies are warranted.
>
> Keywords: Lupeol; Ras; ODC; PKC; NFB; Pancreatic cancer;
> chemoprevention.
> (c) The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights
> reserved. For permissions, please email:
> journals.permissi...@oupjournals.org
> Received April 12, 2005
> Revised May 26, 2005
> Accepted June 7, 2005
>
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Who loves ya.
> Tom
>
> Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh
>
> Man Is A Herbivore! http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3
>
> DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http :// tinyurl,com /zk9fk

Re: Pancreatic Cancer

On Apr 13, 7:57 pm, "ironjust...@aol,com " <ironjust...@aol,com >
wrote:Lupeol <<

Do you think this is why they planted all those orange trees .. ?

"Lupeol enhanced cisplatin anti-tumour activity by 40-fold."

HK experts reveals lupeol in fruits helps combat cancer

www .chinaview.cn 2007-10-16 16:34:22 Print

HONG KONG, Oct. 16 (Xinhua) -- A study found that a substance
called "lupeol" contained in fruits may help beat head and neck
cancer, announced the University of Hong Kong which made the result
public here Tuesday.

The study, conducted by the university's Faculty of Medicine,
revealed that lupeol, a compound rich in fruits, selectively targeted
and killed cancer cells. Using a mouse animal model, lupeol
dramatically decreased tumor volume and suppressed local metastasis
while bearing minimal effect on surrounding tissue and other vital
organs like liver and kidney.

Interestingly, lupeol was found to be more effective and more
potent than conventionally used chemotherapeutic drug, cisplatin, by
approximately three-fold in terms of tumor volume and degree of
metastasis suppression.

Besides, when lupeol was used in combination with cisplatin, the
anti-tumour activity of the chemotherapeutic drug could be enhanced by
40-fold.

The above research result was published in the international
scientific journal Cancer Research in September, 2007.

Head and neck cancer includes cancers of the nose, oral cavity,
salivary gland, etc. In the year 2004, 2,087 new cases were diagnosed
in Hong Kong, with the number of new cases increasing steadily every
year.

Human papilloma virus infection, alcohol and tobacco consumption
and low fruits and vegetables intake all contribute to the increased
risk of head and neck cancer development.

The university was in the hope that the findings will also show
people that only a slight change in their everyday meal or a small
change in their choice of food intake may have an astounding impact on
cancer prevention and therapy.


Editor: Wang Hongjiang


Who loves ya.
Tom


Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh


Man Is A Herbivore!
http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3


DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http :// tinyurl,com /zk9fk




> On Apr 13, 7:53 pm, "ironjust...@aol,com " <ironjust...@aol,com >
> wrote:lupeol <<
>
> Sooo .. I wonder if the absorption of this is enhanced when one takes
> oil with it .. ?
>
> Clinical Cancer Research 14, 2119-2127, April 1, 2008. doi:
> 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-4413
> (c) 2008 American Association for Cancer Research
>
> Cancer Therapy: Preclinical
>
> Lupeol Inhibits Growth of Highly Aggressive Human Metastatic Melanoma
> Cells In vitro and In vivo by Inducing Apoptosis
> Mohammad Saleem, Nityanand Maddodi, Mohammad Abu Zaid, Naghma Khan,
> Bilal bin Hafeez, Mohammad Asim, Yewseok Suh, Jung-Mi Yun,
> Vijayasaradhi Setaluri and Hasan Mukhtar
> Authors' Affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of
> Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
>
> Requests for reprints: Hasan Mukhtar, Department of Dermatology,
> University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, MSC-25B, Madison, WI
> 53706. Phone: 608-263-3927; Fax: 608-263-5223; E-mail:
> hmukh...@wisc.edu.
>
> Purpose: Poor prognosis of metastatic melanoma mandates the
> development of novel strategies for its treatment and prevention. In
> this study, the effect of lupeol, a diet-based triterpene, was
> determined on the growth and tumorigenicity of human melanoma cells in
> vitro and in vivo.
>
> Experimental Design: Normal human melanocytes, and human metastatic
> (451Lu) and nonmetastatic (WM35) cells were treated with lupeol; its
> effect on growth, proliferation, and apoptosis were evaluated. Further
> athymic nude mice bearing 451Lu cell-originated tumors were
> administered with lupeol thrice a week, and its effect on tumor growth
> and surrogate biomarkers was evaluated.
>
> Results: Lupeol significantly decreased the viability of 451Lu and
> WM35 melanoma cells but had only a marginal effect on normal human
> melanocyte cells at similar doses. Lupeol treatment of 451Lu cells
> caused (a) G1-S phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis; (b) down-
> regulation of Bcl2 and up-regulation of Bax; (c) activation of
> caspase-3 and induction of poly(ADP)ribose polymerase cleavage; (d)
> decreased expression of cyclin D1, cyclin D2, and cdk2; and (e)
> increased expression of p21 protein. Next, lupeol significantly
> reduced 451Lu tumor growth in athymic nude mice and modulated the
> expression of proliferation markers, apoptotic markers, and cell cycle
> regulatory molecules in tumor xenografts.
>
> Conclusion: Our findings showed the anticancer efficacy of lupeol with
> mechanistic rationale against metastatic human melanoma cells. We
> suggest that lupeol, alone or as an adjuvant to current therapies,
> could be useful for the management of human melanoma.
>
> Who loves ya.
> Tom
>
> Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh
>
> Man Is A Herbivore! http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3
>
> DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http :// tinyurl,com /zk9fk
>
>
>
> > Carcinogenesis Advance Access
> > published online on June 15, 2005
> > Carcinogenesis, doi:10.1093/carcin/bgi157
>
> > MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CANCER PREVENTION
>
> > Lupeol, a fruit and vegetable based triterpene, induces apoptotic
> > death of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells via inhibition of Ras
> > signaling pathway
> > Mohammad Saleem 1, Satwinderjeet Kaur 1, Mee-Hyang Kweon 1, Vaqar
> > Mustafa Adhami 1, Farrukh Afaq 1, and Hasan Mukhtar 1*
> > 1 Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
>
> > * To whom correspondence should be addressed.
> > Hasan Mukhtar, E-mail: hmukh...@wisc.edu
>
> >    Abstract
>
> > Pancreatic cancer is an exceptionally aggressive disease, the
> > treatment of which has largely been unsuccessful due to higher
> > resistance offered by pancreatic cancer cells to conventional
> > approaches such as surgery, radiation and/or chemotherapy. The
> > aberration of Ras oncoprotein has been linked to the induction of
> > multiple signaling pathways and to the resistance offered by
> > pancreatic cancer cells to the apoptosis. Therefore, there is a need
> > for development of new and effective chemotherapeutic agents which can
> > target multiple pathways to induce responsiveness of pancreatic cancer
> > cells to death signals. In this study, human pancreatic adenocarcinoma
> > cells AsPC-1 were used to investigate the effect of Lupeol on cell
> > growth and its effects on the modulation of multiple Ras-induced
> > signaling pathways. Lupeol caused a dose-dependent inhibition of cell
> > growth as assessed by MTT assay and induction of apoptosis as assessed
> > by flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy and western blotting.
> > Lupeol treatment to cells was found to significantly reduce the
> > expression of Ras oncoprotein and modulate the protein expression of
> > various signaling molecules involved in PKC/ODC, PI3K/Akt and MAPKs
> > pathways along with a significant reduction in the activation of NFB
> > signaling pathway. Our data suggests that Lupeol can adopt a multi-
> > prong strategy to target multiple signaling pathways leading to
> > induction of apoptosis and inhibition of growth of pancreatic cancer
> > cells. Lupeol could be a potential agent against pancreatic cancer
> > however, further in-depth in vivo studies are warranted.
>
> > Keywords: Lupeol; Ras; ODC; PKC; NFB; Pancreatic cancer;
> > chemoprevention.
> > (c) The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights
> > reserved. For permissions, please email:
> > journals.permissi...@oupjournals.org
> > Received April 12, 2005
> > Revised May 26, 2005
> > Accepted June 7, 2005
>
> > ---------------------------------------------------------------------------­------
>
> > Who loves ya.
> > Tom
>
> > Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh
>
> > Man Is A Herbivore! http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3
>
> > DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http :// tinyurl,com /zk9fk- Hide quoted text -
>
> - Show quoted text -

Re: Pancreatic Cancer

On Apr 13, 7:57 pm, "ironjust...@aol,com " <ironjust...@aol,com >
wrote:absorption of this is enhanced when one takes oil with it .. ?

Titre du document / Document title
Esterification improves antiarthritic effectiveness of lupeol
Auteur(s) / Author(s)
KWEIFIO-OKAI G. ; FIELD B. ; RUMBLE B. A. ; MACRIDES T. A. ; DE MUNK
F. ;
Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s)
Royal Melbourne inst. technology, dep. anatomy and physiology,
Bundoora 8083, AUSTRALIE

Résumé / Abstract
Adult male Wistar rats were made arthritic by the subplantar injection
of complete Freund's adjuvant. Oral treatment with the triterpenes
lupeol, luepol palmitate, or lupeol linoleate (66 mg/kg BW every 2
days) from days 24 to 32 reduced synovial granulomatous growth
(proximal interphalangeal foot joints) and its invasion of the
synovial cavity and reduced the destruction of articular cartilage and
subchondral bone (lupeol linoleate > lupeol palmitate > lupeol). Rats
treated with the lupeol esters showed reduced periosteal bone erosion
with bone repair in the form of periosteal new bone formation.
Arthritic rat blood lymphocytes and serum levels of the joint
degradative product, hyaluronate, which increased by 73% and 51%,
respectively, were reduced by the triterpenes (lupeol linoleate >
lupeol palmitate > lupeol) with lupeol linoleate restoring them to
normal values. The antiarthritic effectiveness of lupeol was therefore
increased by esterification with the long-chain fatty acids.
Revue / Journal Title
Drug development research ISSN 0272-4391 CODEN DDREDK
Source / Source
Congrès
International congress of pharmacology in Montreal No12, Montreal ,
CANADA (07/1994)
1995, vol. 35, no3, pp. 137-141 (13 ref.)
Langue / Language
Anglais

Editeur / Publisher
Wiley-Liss, New York, NY, ETATS-UNIS (1981) (Revue)

Mots-clés anglais / English Keywords
Triterpene ; Chemotherapy ; Treatment ; Arthritis ; Rat ; Animal ;
Rodentia ; Mammalia ; Vertebrata ;
Mots-clés français / French Keywords
Triterpène ; Chimiothérapie ; Traitement ; Arthrite ; Rat ; Animal ;
Lupéol ; Rodentia ; Mammalia ; Vertebrata ;
Mots-clés espagnols / Spanish Keywords
Triterpeno ; Quimioterapia ; Tratamiento ; Artritis ; Rata ; Animal ;
Rodentia ; Mammalia ; Vertebrata ;
Localisation / Location
INIST-CNRS, Cote INIST : 18882, 35400005377099.0030


Who loves ya.
Tom


Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh


Man Is A Herbivore!
http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3


DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http :// tinyurl,com /zk9fk



> On Apr 13, 7:53 pm, "ironjust...@aol,com " <ironjust...@aol,com >
> wrote:lupeol <<
>
> Sooo .. I wonder if the absorption of this is enhanced when one takes
> oil with it .. ?
>
> Clinical Cancer Research 14, 2119-2127, April 1, 2008. doi:
> 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-4413
> (c) 2008 American Association for Cancer Research
>
> Cancer Therapy: Preclinical
>
> Lupeol Inhibits Growth of Highly Aggressive Human Metastatic Melanoma
> Cells In vitro and In vivo by Inducing Apoptosis
> Mohammad Saleem, Nityanand Maddodi, Mohammad Abu Zaid, Naghma Khan,
> Bilal bin Hafeez, Mohammad Asim, Yewseok Suh, Jung-Mi Yun,
> Vijayasaradhi Setaluri and Hasan Mukhtar
> Authors' Affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of
> Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
>
> Requests for reprints: Hasan Mukhtar, Department of Dermatology,
> University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, MSC-25B, Madison, WI
> 53706. Phone: 608-263-3927; Fax: 608-263-5223; E-mail:
> hmukh...@wisc.edu.
>
> Purpose: Poor prognosis of metastatic melanoma mandates the
> development of novel strategies for its treatment and prevention. In
> this study, the effect of lupeol, a diet-based triterpene, was
> determined on the growth and tumorigenicity of human melanoma cells in
> vitro and in vivo.
>
> Experimental Design: Normal human melanocytes, and human metastatic
> (451Lu) and nonmetastatic (WM35) cells were treated with lupeol; its
> effect on growth, proliferation, and apoptosis were evaluated. Further
> athymic nude mice bearing 451Lu cell-originated tumors were
> administered with lupeol thrice a week, and its effect on tumor growth
> and surrogate biomarkers was evaluated.
>
> Results: Lupeol significantly decreased the viability of 451Lu and
> WM35 melanoma cells but had only a marginal effect on normal human
> melanocyte cells at similar doses. Lupeol treatment of 451Lu cells
> caused (a) G1-S phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis; (b) down-
> regulation of Bcl2 and up-regulation of Bax; (c) activation of
> caspase-3 and induction of poly(ADP)ribose polymerase cleavage; (d)
> decreased expression of cyclin D1, cyclin D2, and cdk2; and (e)
> increased expression of p21 protein. Next, lupeol significantly
> reduced 451Lu tumor growth in athymic nude mice and modulated the
> expression of proliferation markers, apoptotic markers, and cell cycle
> regulatory molecules in tumor xenografts.
>
> Conclusion: Our findings showed the anticancer efficacy of lupeol with
> mechanistic rationale against metastatic human melanoma cells. We
> suggest that lupeol, alone or as an adjuvant to current therapies,
> could be useful for the management of human melanoma.
>
> Who loves ya.
> Tom
>
> Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh
>
> Man Is A Herbivore! http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3
>
> DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http :// tinyurl,com /zk9fk
>
>
>
> > Carcinogenesis Advance Access
> > published online on June 15, 2005
> > Carcinogenesis, doi:10.1093/carcin/bgi157
>
> > MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CANCER PREVENTION
>
> > Lupeol, a fruit and vegetable based triterpene, induces apoptotic
> > death of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells via inhibition of Ras
> > signaling pathway
> > Mohammad Saleem 1, Satwinderjeet Kaur 1, Mee-Hyang Kweon 1, Vaqar
> > Mustafa Adhami 1, Farrukh Afaq 1, and Hasan Mukhtar 1*
> > 1 Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
>
> > * To whom correspondence should be addressed.
> > Hasan Mukhtar, E-mail: hmukh...@wisc.edu
>
> >    Abstract
>
> > Pancreatic cancer is an exceptionally aggressive disease, the
> > treatment of which has largely been unsuccessful due to higher
> > resistance offered by pancreatic cancer cells to conventional
> > approaches such as surgery, radiation and/or chemotherapy. The
> > aberration of Ras oncoprotein has been linked to the induction of
> > multiple signaling pathways and to the resistance offered by
> > pancreatic cancer cells to the apoptosis. Therefore, there is a need
> > for development of new and effective chemotherapeutic agents which can
> > target multiple pathways to induce responsiveness of pancreatic cancer
> > cells to death signals. In this study, human pancreatic adenocarcinoma
> > cells AsPC-1 were used to investigate the effect of Lupeol on cell
> > growth and its effects on the modulation of multiple Ras-induced
> > signaling pathways. Lupeol caused a dose-dependent inhibition of cell
> > growth as assessed by MTT assay and induction of apoptosis as assessed
> > by flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy and western blotting.
> > Lupeol treatment to cells was found to significantly reduce the
> > expression of Ras oncoprotein and modulate the protein expression of
> > various signaling molecules involved in PKC/ODC, PI3K/Akt and MAPKs
> > pathways along with a significant reduction in the activation of NFB
> > signaling pathway. Our data suggests that Lupeol can adopt a multi-
> > prong strategy to target multiple signaling pathways leading to
> > induction of apoptosis and inhibition of growth of pancreatic cancer
> > cells. Lupeol could be a potential agent against pancreatic cancer
> > however, further in-depth in vivo studies are warranted.
>
> > Keywords: Lupeol; Ras; ODC; PKC; NFB; Pancreatic cancer;
> > chemoprevention.
> > (c) The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights
> > reserved. For permissions, please email:
> > journals.permissi...@oupjournals.org
> > Received April 12, 2005
> > Revised May 26, 2005
> > Accepted June 7, 2005
>
> > ---------------------------------------------------------------------------­------
>
> > Who loves ya.
> > Tom
>
> > Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh
>
> > Man Is A Herbivore! http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3
>
> > DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http :// tinyurl,com /zk9fk- Hide quoted text -
>
> - Show quoted text -

Re: Pancreatic Cancer

On Apr 13, 8:29 pm, "ironjust...@aol,com " <ironjust...@aol,com > wrote:
lupeol <<

"Birch bark"

Science: The glue that held the Roman empire together
06 March 1993
From New Scientist Print Edition. Subscribe and get 4 free issues.
SARAH BUNNY

Tools
When people in Roman Britain broke their clay pots, they glued them
back together with a tar made from birch bark, according to
archaeologists. The evidence comes from a ceramic jar found among
Roman artefacts unearthed at the West Cotton site in the Rounds area
of Northamptonshire.

The jar had been repaired with a black tarry adhesive. When scientists
at the Universities of Bradford and Liverpool analysed the tar, they
found that it contained betulin, lupeol, lupenone, allobetul-2-ene and
other pentacyclic triterpenoid (Archaeometry, vol 35, p 91). This
composition was similar to both fresh birch bark and a freshly made
tar from birch bark.

The researchers tried to make their own glue by drying fresh birch
bark at room temperature and then heating it to a high temperature in
a covered vessel. The result was a charred material sticky enough to
be an adhesive. The researchers claim that the pot repairers might
have made their glue in a similar way.

Archaeologists knew about the use of birch bark tar but this is the
first time that they have found it in ancient Britain. In mainland
Europe in Neolithic times - several thousand years before the Romans -
birch bark tar was also used as a chewing gum for cleansing teeth,
presumably because chewing released some of its constituent
compounds.

From issue 1863 of New Scientist magazine, 06 March 1993, page 17


Who loves ya.
Tom


Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh


Man Is A Herbivore!
http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3


DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http :// tinyurl,com /zk9fk



> On Apr 13, 7:57 pm, "ironjust...@aol,com " <ironjust...@aol,com >
> wrote:absorption of this is enhanced when one takes oil with it .. ?
>
> Titre du document / Document title
> Esterification improves antiarthritic effectiveness of lupeol
> Auteur(s) / Author(s)
> KWEIFIO-OKAI G. ; FIELD B. ; RUMBLE B. A. ; MACRIDES T. A. ; DE MUNK
> F. ;
> Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s)
> Royal Melbourne inst. technology, dep. anatomy and physiology,
> Bundoora 8083, AUSTRALIE
>
> Résumé / Abstract
> Adult male Wistar rats were made arthritic by the subplantar injection
> of complete Freund's adjuvant. Oral treatment with the triterpenes
> lupeol, luepol palmitate, or lupeol linoleate (66 mg/kg BW every 2
> days) from days 24 to 32 reduced synovial granulomatous growth
> (proximal interphalangeal foot joints) and its invasion of the
> synovial cavity and reduced the destruction of articular cartilage and
> subchondral bone (lupeol linoleate > lupeol palmitate > lupeol). Rats
> treated with the lupeol esters showed reduced periosteal bone erosion
> with bone repair in the form of periosteal new bone formation.
> Arthritic rat blood lymphocytes and serum levels of the joint
> degradative product, hyaluronate, which increased by 73% and 51%,
> respectively, were reduced by the triterpenes (lupeol linoleate >
> lupeol palmitate > lupeol) with lupeol linoleate restoring them to
> normal values. The antiarthritic effectiveness of lupeol was therefore
> increased by esterification with the long-chain fatty acids.
> Revue / Journal Title
> Drug development research   ISSN 0272-4391   CODEN DDREDK
> Source / Source
> Congrès
> International congress of pharmacology in Montreal No12, Montreal ,
> CANADA (07/1994)
> 1995, vol. 35, no3, pp. 137-141 (13 ref.)
> Langue / Language
> Anglais
>
> Editeur / Publisher
> Wiley-Liss, New York, NY, ETATS-UNIS (1981) (Revue)
>
> Mots-clés anglais / English Keywords
> Triterpene ; Chemotherapy ; Treatment ; Arthritis ; Rat ; Animal ;
> Rodentia ; Mammalia ; Vertebrata ;
> Mots-clés français / French Keywords
> Triterpène ; Chimiothérapie ; Traitement ; Arthrite ; Rat ; Animal ;
> Lupéol ; Rodentia ; Mammalia ; Vertebrata ;
> Mots-clés espagnols / Spanish Keywords
> Triterpeno ; Quimioterapia ; Tratamiento ; Artritis ; Rata ; Animal ;
> Rodentia ; Mammalia ; Vertebrata ;
> Localisation / Location
> INIST-CNRS, Cote INIST : 18882, 35400005377099.0030
>
> Who loves ya.
> Tom
>
> Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh
>
> Man Is A Herbivore! http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3
>
> DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http :// tinyurl,com /zk9fk
>
>
>
> > On Apr 13, 7:53 pm, "ironjust...@aol,com " <ironjust...@aol,com >
> > wrote:lupeol <<
>
> > Sooo .. I wonder if the absorption of this is enhanced when one takes
> > oil with it .. ?
>
> > Clinical Cancer Research 14, 2119-2127, April 1, 2008. doi:
> > 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-4413
> > (c) 2008 American Association for Cancer Research
>
> > Cancer Therapy: Preclinical
>
> > Lupeol Inhibits Growth of Highly Aggressive Human Metastatic Melanoma
> > Cells In vitro and In vivo by Inducing Apoptosis
> > Mohammad Saleem, Nityanand Maddodi, Mohammad Abu Zaid, Naghma Khan,
> > Bilal bin Hafeez, Mohammad Asim, Yewseok Suh, Jung-Mi Yun,
> > Vijayasaradhi Setaluri and Hasan Mukhtar
> > Authors' Affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of
> > Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
>
> > Requests for reprints: Hasan Mukhtar, Department of Dermatology,
> > University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, MSC-25B, Madison, WI
> > 53706. Phone: 608-263-3927; Fax: 608-263-5223; E-mail:
> > hmukh...@wisc.edu.
>
> > Purpose: Poor prognosis of metastatic melanoma mandates the
> > development of novel strategies for its treatment and prevention. In
> > this study, the effect of lupeol, a diet-based triterpene, was
> > determined on the growth and tumorigenicity of human melanoma cells in
> > vitro and in vivo.
>
> > Experimental Design: Normal human melanocytes, and human metastatic
> > (451Lu) and nonmetastatic (WM35) cells were treated with lupeol; its
> > effect on growth, proliferation, and apoptosis were evaluated. Further
> > athymic nude mice bearing 451Lu cell-originated tumors were
> > administered with lupeol thrice a week, and its effect on tumor growth
> > and surrogate biomarkers was evaluated.
>
> > Results: Lupeol significantly decreased the viability of 451Lu and
> > WM35 melanoma cells but had only a marginal effect on normal human
> > melanocyte cells at similar doses. Lupeol treatment of 451Lu cells
> > caused (a) G1-S phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis; (b) down-
> > regulation of Bcl2 and up-regulation of Bax; (c) activation of
> > caspase-3 and induction of poly(ADP)ribose polymerase cleavage; (d)
> > decreased expression of cyclin D1, cyclin D2, and cdk2; and (e)
> > increased expression of p21 protein. Next, lupeol significantly
> > reduced 451Lu tumor growth in athymic nude mice and modulated the
> > expression of proliferation markers, apoptotic markers, and cell cycle
> > regulatory molecules in tumor xenografts.
>
> > Conclusion: Our findings showed the anticancer efficacy of lupeol with
> > mechanistic rationale against metastatic human melanoma cells. We
> > suggest that lupeol, alone or as an adjuvant to current therapies,
> > could be useful for the management of human melanoma.
>
> > Who loves ya.
> > Tom
>
> > Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh
>
> > Man Is A Herbivore! http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3
>
> > DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http :// tinyurl,com /zk9fk
>
> > > Carcinogenesis Advance Access
> > > published online on June 15, 2005
> > > Carcinogenesis, doi:10.1093/carcin/bgi157
>
> > > MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CANCER PREVENTION
>
> > > Lupeol, a fruit and vegetable based triterpene, induces apoptotic
> > > death of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells via inhibition of Ras
> > > signaling pathway
> > > Mohammad Saleem 1, Satwinderjeet Kaur 1, Mee-Hyang Kweon 1, Vaqar
> > > Mustafa Adhami 1, Farrukh Afaq 1, and Hasan Mukhtar 1*
> > > 1 Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
>
> > > * To whom correspondence should be addressed.
> > > Hasan Mukhtar, E-mail: hmukh...@wisc.edu
>
> > >    Abstract
>
> > > Pancreatic cancer is an exceptionally aggressive disease, the
> > > treatment of which has largely been unsuccessful due to higher
> > > resistance offered by pancreatic cancer cells to conventional
> > > approaches such as surgery, radiation and/or chemotherapy. The
> > > aberration of Ras oncoprotein has been linked to the induction of
> > > multiple signaling pathways and to the resistance offered by
> > > pancreatic cancer cells to the apoptosis. Therefore, there is a need
> > > for development of new and effective chemotherapeutic agents which can
> > > target multiple pathways to induce responsiveness of pancreatic cancer
> > > cells to death signals. In this study, human pancreatic adenocarcinoma
> > > cells AsPC-1 were used to investigate the effect of Lupeol on cell
> > > growth and its effects on the modulation of multiple Ras-induced
> > > signaling pathways. Lupeol caused a dose-dependent inhibition of cell
> > > growth as assessed by MTT assay and induction of apoptosis as assessed
> > > by flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy and western blotting.
> > > Lupeol treatment to cells was found to significantly reduce the
> > > expression of Ras oncoprotein and modulate the protein expression of
> > > various signaling molecules involved in PKC/ODC, PI3K/Akt and MAPKs
> > > pathways along with a significant reduction in the activation of NFB
> > > signaling pathway. Our data suggests that Lupeol can adopt a multi-
> > > prong strategy to target multiple signaling pathways leading to
> > > induction of apoptosis and inhibition of growth of pancreatic cancer
> > > cells. Lupeol could be a potential agent against pancreatic cancer
> > > however, further in-depth in vivo studies are warranted.
>
> > > Keywords: Lupeol; Ras; ODC; PKC; NFB; Pancreatic cancer;
> > > chemoprevention.
> > > (c) The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights
> > > reserved. For permissions, please email:
> > > journals.permissi...@oupjournals.org
> > > Received April 12, 2005
> > > Revised May 26, 2005
> > > Accepted June 7, 2005
>
> > > ---------------------------------------------------------------------------­­------
>
> > > Who loves ya.
> > > Tom
>
> > > Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh
>
> > > Man Is A Herbivore! http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3
>
> > > DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http :// tinyurl,com /zk9fk-Hide quoted text -
>
> > - Show quoted text -- Hide quoted text -
>
> - Show quoted text -

Re: Pancreatic Cancer

On Apr 13, 7:53 pm, "ironjust...@aol,com " <ironjust...@aol,com > wrote:
fruit and vegetable based triterpene <<

Further Research On Resveratrol Shows Promise For Treatment Of
Pancreatic Cancer
Main Category: Cancer / Oncology
Also Included In: Nutrition / Diet
Article Date: 14 Apr 2008 - 2:00 PDT


Baywood International, Inc. (OTCBB:BAYW) ("Company") announced that
resveratrol, the antioxidant found in grape skins and red wine, can
cripple the function of pancreatic cancer cells while sensitizing them
to chemotherapy, says new research. This study, published in March
2008 in Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, looked at the
way the antioxidant may aid pancreatic cancer treatment and how it
also contributes to the growing knowledge on the health benefits
arising from ingredients of red wine.

While disabling the function of the cancer cells by reaching and
reacting with the mitochondria (the cell's energy source), researchers
found that when they were pre-treated with resveratrol before being
irradiated, it resulted in a type of cell death called apoptosis. This
is an important goal of cancer therapy.

According to Paul Okunieff, chief of radiation oncology at the
University of Rochester Medical Centre, "Antioxidant research is very
active and very seductive right now [and] the challenge lies in
finding the right concentration and how it works inside the cell.
Resveratrol seems to have a therapeutic gain by making tumor cells
more sensitive to radiation and making normal tissue less sensitive."

Okunieff began studying resveratrol as a tumor sensitizer, which is
when the link to the mitochondria was uncovered. Researchers divided
pancreatic cancer cells into two groups: cells treated without
resveratrol then iodized, and ones treated with resveratrol at a
relatively high dose of 50mg per ml before being iodized. The amount
of resveratrol in red wine can vary between types of grapes and
growing seasons, and ranges can be as high as 30 mg per ml. But the
researchers said higher doses are expected to be safe as long as a
physician monitors the patient. The study found that resveratrol
reduced the function of proteins in the pancreatic cancer cell
membranes responsible for pumping chemotherapy out of the cell,
therefore making them more sensitive to the treatment. Additionally,
the antioxidant triggered the production of reactive oxygen species
(ROS), causing apoptosis, and depolarized the mitochondrial membranes,
indicating a decrease in the cell's potential to function. The
researchers said the discovery is important because the mitochondria
contains its own DNA and can continuously supply the cell with energy
when functioning fully. Stopping the energy flow can therefore help
stop cancer.

Okunieff further stated that, "While additional studies are needed,
this research indicated that resveratrol has a promising future as
part of the treatment for cancer."

The Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, Nutritional Specialties, Inc./
dba LifeTime(R), launched Resveratrol Life Tonic(tm) in liquid form for
enhanced bioavailability. The product's powerful antioxidant
properties include 300 mg of resveratrol extract in each one ounce
serving, which is equivalent to 1,300 glasses of red wine.(a)

About Baywood

Baywood International, Inc. (OTC BB: BYWD) ("Baywood") is a
nutritional science company that develops, markets and sells
nutraceutical and nutritionally enhanced products and new age
beverages under its own brands. Baywood merges its expertise in
nutritional formulation with its leverage in sales and distribution to
deliver the most effective and progressive products to market.
Currently, Baywood's products are sold under three brands that are
distributed into retail markets nationwide and internationally as
follows:

- LifeTime(R) - Available in independent and chain health food stores,
natural grocery stores, and other direct-to-consumer channels both
internationally and domestically ( http :// www .lifetimevitamins,com )

- Baywood PURECHOICE(R), Baywood SOLUTIONS(R) and Complete La Femme(R) -
Available in independent and chain health food stores, natural grocery
stores, and other direct-to-consumer channels both internationally and
domestically ( http :// www .baywoodproducts,com )

- Mamajuana Energy(tm) - Available in select convenience stores and chain
stores nationwide ( http :// www .mamajuanaenergy,com )

For more information, call (888) 350-0799, or for more information,
visit Baywood's corporate website at http :// www .bywd,com .

(a) These statements have not been evaluated by the Food & Drug
Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure
or prevent any disease. The contents of this press release are not
meant to be incorporated into the Company's website.

SOURCES: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2008;614:179-86
"Anti-cancer effect of resveratrol is associated with induction of
apoptosis via a mitochondrial pathway alignment" Authors: Paul
Okunieff, Weimin Sun, Wei Wang, Jung Kim, Shanmin Yang

This press release may contain forward-looking statements, made in
reliance upon Section 21D of the Exchange Act of 1934, which involve
known and unknown risks, uncertainties or other factors that could
cause actual results to differ materially from the results,
performance, or expectations implied by these forward-looking
statements. The Company's expectations, among other things, are
dependent upon general economic conditions, continued demand for its
products, the availability of raw materials, retention of its key
management and operating personnel, its ability to operate its
subsidiary companies effectively, need for and availability of
additional capital as well as other uncontrollable or unknown factors
which are more fully disclosed in the Company's Form 10-KSBs and 10-
QSBs on file with the United States Securities and Exchange
Commission.

Baywood International, Inc.


Who loves ya.
Tom


Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh


Man Is A Herbivore!
http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3


DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http :// tinyurl,com /zk9fk




> Carcinogenesis Advance Access
> published online on June 15, 2005
> Carcinogenesis, doi:10.1093/carcin/bgi157
>
> MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CANCER PREVENTION
>
> Lupeol, a fruit and vegetable based triterpene, induces apoptotic
> death of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells via inhibition of Ras
> signaling pathway
> Mohammad Saleem 1, Satwinderjeet Kaur 1, Mee-Hyang Kweon 1, Vaqar
> Mustafa Adhami 1, Farrukh Afaq 1, and Hasan Mukhtar 1*
> 1 Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
>
> * To whom correspondence should be addressed.
> Hasan Mukhtar, E-mail: hmukh...@wisc.edu
>
> Abstract
>
> Pancreatic cancer is an exceptionally aggressive disease, the
> treatment of which has largely been unsuccessful due to higher
> resistance offered by pancreatic cancer cells to conventional
> approaches such as surgery, radiation and/or chemotherapy. The
> aberration of Ras oncoprotein has been linked to the induction of
> multiple signaling pathways and to the resistance offered by
> pancreatic cancer cells to the apoptosis. Therefore, there is a need
> for development of new and effective chemotherapeutic agents which can
> target multiple pathways to induce responsiveness of pancreatic cancer
> cells to death signals. In this study, human pancreatic adenocarcinoma
> cells AsPC-1 were used to investigate the effect of Lupeol on cell
> growth and its effects on the modulation of multiple Ras-induced
> signaling pathways. Lupeol caused a dose-dependent inhibition of cell
> growth as assessed by MTT assay and induction of apoptosis as assessed
> by flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy and western blotting.
> Lupeol treatment to cells was found to significantly reduce the
> expression of Ras oncoprotein and modulate the protein expression of
> various signaling molecules involved in PKC/ODC, PI3K/Akt and MAPKs
> pathways along with a significant reduction in the activation of NFB
> signaling pathway. Our data suggests that Lupeol can adopt a multi-
> prong strategy to target multiple signaling pathways leading to
> induction of apoptosis and inhibition of growth of pancreatic cancer
> cells. Lupeol could be a potential agent against pancreatic cancer
> however, further in-depth in vivo studies are warranted.
>
> Keywords: Lupeol; Ras; ODC; PKC; NFB; Pancreatic cancer;
> chemoprevention.
> (c) The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights
> reserved. For permissions, please email:
> journals.permissi...@oupjournals.org
> Received April 12, 2005
> Revised May 26, 2005
> Accepted June 7, 2005
>
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Who loves ya.
> Tom
>
> Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh
>
> Man Is A Herbivore! http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3
>
> DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http :// tinyurl,com /zk9fk

Re: Pancreatic Cancer

On Apr 14, 6:57 am, "ironjust...@aol,com " <ironjust...@aol,com > wrote:
TRITERPENOID <<

African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative
Medicines
African Ethnomedicines Network
ISSN: 0189-6016
Vol. 5, No. 1, 2008, pp. 56-60
Bioline Code: tc08010
Full paper language: English
Document available free of charge

African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative
Medicines, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2008, pp. 56-60
en DIRECT DETECTION OF TRITERPENOID SAPONINS IN MEDICINAL PLANTS
Kareru, P. G.; Keriko, J. M.; Gachanja, A. N. & Kenji, G. M.
Abstract


Direct detection of saponins in medicinal plants using Fourier
Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is reported in this paper.
Crude dry plant powders were mixed with potassium bromide (KBr) powder
and compressed to a thin pellet for infrared examination. FTIR spectra
of the test samples showed -OH, -C=O, C-H, and C=C absorptions
characteristic of oleanane triterpenoid saponins. The C-O-C
absorptions indicated glycoside linkages to the sapogenins.
Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of saponins in the
tested specimens. Entada leptostachya was used as a reference
sample. Dry plant powder was extracted sequentially with hexane,
dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol. FTIR spectra of the
reference sample powder and its organic solvent extracts showed
characteristic saponin absorption peaks. These results indicated that
direct detection of saponins in medicinal plants was possible by
infrared analysis. Lengthy exhaustive chemical analyses necessary for
detection of saponins could be avoided.
Keywords
Medicinal plants, saponins, infrared spectra, potassium bromide,
glycoside.


(c) Copyright 2008 - African Journal Traditional, Complementary and
Alternative Medicines
Alternative site location: http :// www .africanethnomedicines,net /ojs2/index.php/ajtcam


Who loves ya.
Tom


Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh


Man Is A Herbivore!
http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3


DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http :// tinyurl,com /zk9fk





> On Apr 13, 7:53 pm, "ironjust...@aol,com " <ironjust...@aol,com > wrote:
> fruit and vegetable based triterpene <<
>
> Further Research On Resveratrol Shows Promise For Treatment Of
> Pancreatic Cancer
> Main Category: Cancer / Oncology
> Also Included In: Nutrition / Diet
> Article Date: 14 Apr 2008 - 2:00 PDT
>
> Baywood International, Inc. (OTCBB:BAYW) ("Company") announced that
> resveratrol, the antioxidant found in grape skins and red wine, can
> cripple the function of pancreatic cancer cells while sensitizing them
> to chemotherapy, says new research. This study, published in March
> 2008 in Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, looked at the
> way the antioxidant may aid pancreatic cancer treatment and how it
> also contributes to the growing knowledge on the health benefits
> arising from ingredients of red wine.
>
> While disabling the function of the cancer cells by reaching and
> reacting with the mitochondria (the cell's energy source), researchers
> found that when they were pre-treated with resveratrol before being
> irradiated, it resulted in a type of cell death called apoptosis. This
> is an important goal of cancer therapy.
>
> According to Paul Okunieff, chief of radiation oncology at the
> University of Rochester Medical Centre, "Antioxidant research is very
> active and very seductive right now [and] the challenge lies in
> finding the right concentration and how it works inside the cell.
> Resveratrol seems to have a therapeutic gain by making tumor cells
> more sensitive to radiation and making normal tissue less sensitive."
>
> Okunieff began studying resveratrol as a tumor sensitizer, which is
> when the link to the mitochondria was uncovered. Researchers divided
> pancreatic cancer cells into two groups: cells treated without
> resveratrol then iodized, and ones treated with resveratrol at a
> relatively high dose of 50mg per ml before being iodized. The amount
> of resveratrol in red wine can vary between types of grapes and
> growing seasons, and ranges can be as high as 30 mg per ml. But the
> researchers said higher doses are expected to be safe as long as a
> physician monitors the patient. The study found that resveratrol
> reduced the function of proteins in the pancreatic cancer cell
> membranes responsible for pumping chemotherapy out of the cell,
> therefore making them more sensitive to the treatment. Additionally,
> the antioxidant triggered the production of reactive oxygen species
> (ROS), causing apoptosis, and depolarized the mitochondrial membranes,
> indicating a decrease in the cell's potential to function. The
> researchers said the discovery is important because the mitochondria
> contains its own DNA and can continuously supply the cell with energy
> when functioning fully. Stopping the energy flow can therefore help
> stop cancer.
>
> Okunieff further stated that, "While additional studies are needed,
> this research indicated that resveratrol has a promising future as
> part of the treatment for cancer."
>
> The Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, Nutritional Specialties, Inc./
> dba LifeTime(R), launched Resveratrol Life Tonic(tm) in liquid form for
> enhanced bioavailability. The product's powerful antioxidant
> properties include 300 mg of resveratrol extract in each one ounce
> serving, which is equivalent to 1,300 glasses of red wine.(a)
>
> About Baywood
>
> Baywood International, Inc. (OTC BB: BYWD) ("Baywood") is a
> nutritional science company that develops, markets and sells
> nutraceutical and nutritionally enhanced products and new age
> beverages under its own brands. Baywood merges its expertise in
> nutritional formulation with its leverage in sales and distribution to
> deliver the most effective and progressive products to market.
> Currently, Baywood's products are sold under three brands that are
> distributed into retail markets nationwide and internationally as
> follows:
>
> - LifeTime(R) - Available in independent and chain health food stores,
> natural grocery stores, and other direct-to-consumer channels both
> internationally and domestically ( http :// www .lifetimevitamins,com )
>
> - Baywood PURECHOICE(R), Baywood SOLUTIONS(R) and Complete La Femme(R) -
> Available in independent and chain health food stores, natural grocery
> stores, and other direct-to-consumer channels both internationally and
> domestically ( http :// www .baywoodproducts,com )
>
> - Mamajuana Energy(tm) - Available in select convenience stores and chain
> stores nationwide ( http :// www .mamajuanaenergy,com )
>
> For more information, call (888) 350-0799, or for more information,
> visit Baywood's corporate website at http :// www .bywd,com .
>
> (a) These statements have not been evaluated by the Food & Drug
> Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure
> or prevent any disease. The contents of this press release are not
> meant to be incorporated into the Company's website.
>
> SOURCES: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2008;614:179-86
> "Anti-cancer effect of resveratrol is associated with induction of
> apoptosis via a mitochondrial pathway alignment" Authors: Paul
> Okunieff, Weimin Sun, Wei Wang, Jung Kim, Shanmin Yang
>
> This press release may contain forward-looking statements, made in
> reliance upon Section 21D of the Exchange Act of 1934, which involve
> known and unknown risks, uncertainties or other factors that could
> cause actual results to differ materially from the results,
> performance, or expectations implied by these forward-looking
> statements. The Company's expectations, among other things, are
> dependent upon general economic conditions, continued demand for its
> products, the availability of raw materials, retention of its key
> management and operating personnel, its ability to operate its
> subsidiary companies effectively, need for and availability of
> additional capital as well as other uncontrollable or unknown factors
> which are more fully disclosed in the Company's Form 10-KSBs and 10-
> QSBs on file with the United States Securities and Exchange
> Commission.
>
> Baywood International, Inc.
>
> Who loves ya.
> Tom
>
> Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh
>
> Man Is A Herbivore! http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3
>
> DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http :// tinyurl,com /zk9fk
>
>
>
> > Carcinogenesis Advance Access
> > published online on June 15, 2005
> > Carcinogenesis, doi:10.1093/carcin/bgi157
>
> > MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CANCER PREVENTION
>
> > Lupeol, a fruit and vegetable based triterpene, induces apoptotic
> > death of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells via inhibition of Ras
> > signaling pathway
> > Mohammad Saleem 1, Satwinderjeet Kaur 1, Mee-Hyang Kweon 1, Vaqar
> > Mustafa Adhami 1, Farrukh Afaq 1, and Hasan Mukhtar 1*
> > 1 Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
>
> > * To whom correspondence should be addressed.
> > Hasan Mukhtar, E-mail: hmukh...@wisc.edu
>
> > Abstract
>
> > Pancreatic cancer is an exceptionally aggressive disease, the
> > treatment of which has largely been unsuccessful due to higher
> > resistance offered by pancreatic cancer cells to conventional
> > approaches such as surgery, radiation and/or chemotherapy. The
> > aberration of Ras oncoprotein has been linked to the induction of
> > multiple signaling pathways and to the resistance offered by
> > pancreatic cancer cells to the apoptosis. Therefore, there is a need
> > for development of new and effective chemotherapeutic agents which can
> > target multiple pathways to induce responsiveness of pancreatic cancer
> > cells to death signals. In this study, human pancreatic adenocarcinoma
> > cells AsPC-1 were used to investigate the effect of Lupeol on cell
> > growth and its effects on the modulation of multiple Ras-induced
> > signaling pathways. Lupeol caused a dose-dependent inhibition of cell
> > growth as assessed by MTT assay and induction of apoptosis as assessed
> > by flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy and western blotting.
> > Lupeol treatment to cells was found to significantly reduce the
> > expression of Ras oncoprotein and modulate the protein expression of
> > various signaling molecules involved in PKC/ODC, PI3K/Akt and MAPKs
> > pathways along with a significant reduction in the activation of NFB
> > signaling pathway. Our data suggests that Lupeol can adopt a multi-
> > prong strategy to target multiple signaling pathways leading to
> > induction of apoptosis and inhibition of growth of pancreatic cancer
> > cells. Lupeol could be a potential agent against pancreatic cancer
> > however, further in-depth in vivo studies are warranted.
>
> > Keywords: Lupeol; Ras; ODC; PKC; NFB; Pancreatic cancer;
> > chemoprevention.
> > (c) The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights
> > reserved. For permissions, please email:
> > journals.permissi...@oupjournals.org
> > Received April 12, 2005
> > Revised May 26, 2005
> > Accepted June 7, 2005
>
> > ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> > Who loves ya.
> > Tom
>
> > Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh
>
> > Man Is A Herbivore! http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3
>
> > DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http :// tinyurl,com /zk9fk- Hide quoted text -
>
> - Show quoted text -

Re: Pancreatic Cancer

On Apr 14, 10:41 am, "ironjust...@aol,com " <ironjust...@aol,com >
wrote: triterpenes <<

African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative
medicines (AJTCAM), Vol 5, No 1 (2008)

IN VIVO SCREENING OF ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY OF ACACIA MELLIFERA (BENTH)
(LEGUMINOSAE) ON PLASMODIUM BERGHEI IN MICE
Charles Mutai, Geoffrey Rukunga, Vassilios Roussis, Vagias Constatinos

Abstract

The activities of total extracts and lupane triterpenes, isolated from
the stem bark of Acacia mellifera, were evaluated against Plasmodium
berghei strain ANKA in a female Swiss mouse model.
Five isolated compounds and the crude extracts were evaluated for
antimalarial activity and Quinine hydrochloride was used as a positive
control.
Only betulin and the methanolic extract produced considerable
antimalarial activity in mice infected with P. berghei parasites.
This study demonstrated the presence of bioactive agents in Acacia
mellifera.

Who loves ya.
Tom


Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh


Man Is A Herbivore!
http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3


DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http :// tinyurl,com /zk9fk


> On Apr 14, 6:57 am, "ironjust...@aol,com " <ironjust...@aol,com > wrote:
> TRITERPENOID <<
>
> African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative
> Medicines
> African Ethnomedicines Network
> ISSN: 0189-6016
> Vol. 5, No. 1, 2008, pp. 56-60
> Bioline Code: tc08010
> Full paper language: English
> Document available free of charge
>
> African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative
> Medicines, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2008, pp. 56-60
>  en DIRECT DETECTION OF TRITERPENOID SAPONINS IN MEDICINAL PLANTS
> Kareru, P. G.; Keriko, J. M.; Gachanja, A. N. & Kenji, G. M.
> Abstract
>
> Direct detection of saponins in medicinal plants using Fourier
> Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is reported in this paper.
> Crude dry plant powders were mixed with potassium bromide (KBr) powder
> and compressed to a thin pellet for infrared examination. FTIR spectra
> of the test samples showed -OH, -C=O, C-H, and C=C absorptions
> characteristic of oleanane triterpenoid saponins. The C-O-C
> absorptions indicated glycoside linkages to the sapogenins.
> Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of saponins in the
> tested specimens. Entada leptostachya    was used as a reference
> sample. Dry plant powder was extracted sequentially with hexane,
> dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol. FTIR spectra of the
> reference sample powder and its organic solvent extracts showed
> characteristic saponin absorption peaks. These results indicated that
> direct detection of saponins in medicinal plants was possible by
> infrared analysis. Lengthy exhaustive chemical analyses necessary for
> detection of saponins could be avoided.
> Keywords
> Medicinal plants, saponins, infrared spectra, potassium bromide,
> glycoside.
>
> (c) Copyright 2008 - African Journal Traditional, Complementary and
> Alternative Medicines
> Alternative site location: http :// www .africanethnomedicines,net /ojs2/index.php/ajtcam
>
> Who loves ya.
> Tom
>
> Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh
>
> Man Is A Herbivore! http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3
>
> DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http :// tinyurl,com /zk9fk
>
>
>
> > On Apr 13, 7:53 pm, "ironjust...@aol,com " <ironjust...@aol,com > wrote:
> > fruit and vegetable based triterpene <<
>
> > Further Research On Resveratrol Shows Promise For Treatment Of
> > Pancreatic Cancer
> > Main Category: Cancer / Oncology
> > Also Included In: Nutrition / Diet
> > Article Date: 14 Apr 2008 - 2:00 PDT
>
> > Baywood International, Inc. (OTCBB:BAYW) ("Company") announced that
> > resveratrol, the antioxidant found in grape skins and red wine, can
> > cripple the function of pancreatic cancer cells while sensitizing them
> > to chemotherapy, says new research. This study, published in March
> > 2008 in Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, looked at the
> > way the antioxidant may aid pancreatic cancer treatment and how it
> > also contributes to the growing knowledge on the health benefits
> > arising from ingredients of red wine.
>
> > While disabling the function of the cancer cells by reaching and
> > reacting with the mitochondria (the cell's energy source), researchers
> > found that when they were pre-treated with resveratrol before being
> > irradiated, it resulted in a type of cell death called apoptosis. This
> > is an important goal of cancer therapy.
>
> > According to Paul Okunieff, chief of radiation oncology at the
> > University of Rochester Medical Centre, "Antioxidant research is very
> > active and very seductive right now [and] the challenge lies in
> > finding the right concentration and how it works inside the cell.
> > Resveratrol seems to have a therapeutic gain by making tumor cells
> > more sensitive to radiation and making normal tissue less sensitive."
>
> > Okunieff began studying resveratrol as a tumor sensitizer, which is
> > when the link to the mitochondria was uncovered. Researchers divided
> > pancreatic cancer cells into two groups: cells treated without
> > resveratrol then iodized, and ones treated with resveratrol at a
> > relatively high dose of 50mg per ml before being iodized. The amount
> > of resveratrol in red wine can vary between types of grapes and
> > growing seasons, and ranges can be as high as 30 mg per ml. But the
> > researchers said higher doses are expected to be safe as long as a
> > physician monitors the patient. The study found that resveratrol
> > reduced the function of proteins in the pancreatic cancer cell
> > membranes responsible for pumping chemotherapy out of the cell,
> > therefore making them more sensitive to the treatment. Additionally,
> > the antioxidant triggered the production of reactive oxygen species
> > (ROS), causing apoptosis, and depolarized the mitochondrial membranes,
> > indicating a decrease in the cell's potential to function. The
> > researchers said the discovery is important because the mitochondria
> > contains its own DNA and can continuously supply the cell with energy
> > when functioning fully. Stopping the energy flow can therefore help
> > stop cancer.
>
> > Okunieff further stated that, "While additional studies are needed,
> > this research indicated that resveratrol has a promising future as
> > part of the treatment for cancer."
>
> > The Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, Nutritional Specialties, Inc./
> > dba LifeTime(R), launched Resveratrol Life Tonic(tm) in liquid form for
> > enhanced bioavailability. The product's powerful antioxidant
> > properties include 300 mg of resveratrol extract in each one ounce
> > serving, which is equivalent to 1,300 glasses of red wine.(a)
>
> > About Baywood
>
> > Baywood International, Inc. (OTC BB: BYWD) ("Baywood") is a
> > nutritional science company that develops, markets and sells
> > nutraceutical and nutritionally enhanced products and new age
> > beverages under its own brands. Baywood merges its expertise in
> > nutritional formulation with its leverage in sales and distribution to
> > deliver the most effective and progressive products to market.
> > Currently, Baywood's products are sold under three brands that are
> > distributed into retail markets nationwide and internationally as
> > follows:
>
> > - LifeTime(R) - Available in independent and chain health food stores,
> > natural grocery stores, and other direct-to-consumer channels both
> > internationally and domestically ( http :// www .lifetimevitamins,com )
>
> > - Baywood PURECHOICE(R), Baywood SOLUTIONS(R) and Complete La Femme(R) -
> > Available in independent and chain health food stores, natural grocery
> > stores, and other direct-to-consumer channels both internationally and
> > domestically ( http :// www .baywoodproducts,com )
>
> > - Mamajuana Energy(tm) - Available in select convenience stores and chain
> > stores nationwide ( http :// www .mamajuanaenergy,com )
>
> > For more information, call (888) 350-0799, or for more information,
> > visit Baywood's corporate website at http :// www .bywd,com .
>
> > (a) These statements have not been evaluated by the Food & Drug
> > Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure
> > or prevent any disease. The contents of this press release are not
> > meant to be incorporated into the Company's website.
>
> > SOURCES: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2008;614:179-86
> > "Anti-cancer effect of resveratrol is associated with induction of
> > apoptosis via a mitochondrial pathway alignment" Authors: Paul
> > Okunieff, Weimin Sun, Wei Wang, Jung Kim, Shanmin Yang
>
> > This press release may contain forward-looking statements, made in
> > reliance upon Section 21D of the Exchange Act of 1934, which involve
> > known and unknown risks, uncertainties or other factors that could
> > cause actual results to differ materially from the results,
> > performance, or expectations implied by these forward-looking
> > statements. The Company's expectations, among other things, are
> > dependent upon general economic conditions, continued demand for its
> > products, the availability of raw materials, retention of its key
> > management and operating personnel, its ability to operate its
> > subsidiary companies effectively, need for and availability of
> > additional capital as well as other uncontrollable or unknown factors
> > which are more fully disclosed in the Company's Form 10-KSBs and 10-
> > QSBs on file with the United States Securities and Exchange
> > Commission.
>
> > Baywood International, Inc.
>
> > Who loves ya.
> > Tom
>
> > Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh
>
> > Man Is A Herbivore! http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3
>
> > DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http :// tinyurl,com /zk9fk
>
> > > Carcinogenesis Advance Access
> > > published online on June 15, 2005
> > > Carcinogenesis, doi:10.1093/carcin/bgi157
>
> > > MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CANCER PREVENTION
>
> > > Lupeol, a fruit and vegetable based triterpene, induces apoptotic
> > > death of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells via inhibition of Ras
> > > signaling pathway
> > > Mohammad Saleem 1, Satwinderjeet Kaur 1, Mee-Hyang Kweon 1, Vaqar
> > > Mustafa Adhami 1, Farrukh Afaq 1, and Hasan Mukhtar 1*
> > > 1 Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
>
> > > * To whom correspondence should be addressed.
> > > Hasan Mukhtar, E-mail: hmukh...@wisc.edu
>
> > >    Abstract
>
> > > Pancreatic cancer is an exceptionally aggressive disease, the
> > > treatment of which has largely been unsuccessful due to higher
> > > resistance offered by pancreatic cancer cells to conventional
> > > approaches such as surgery, radiation and/or chemotherapy. The
> > > aberration of Ras oncoprotein has been linked to the induction of
> > > multiple signaling pathways and to the resistance offered by
> > > pancreatic cancer cells to the apoptosis. Therefore, there is a need
> > > for development of new and effective chemotherapeutic agents which can
> > > target multiple pathways to induce responsiveness of pancreatic cancer
> > > cells to death signals. In this study, human pancreatic adenocarcinoma
> > > cells AsPC-1 were used to investigate the effect of Lupeol on cell
> > > growth and its effects on the modulation of multiple Ras-induced
> > > signaling pathways. Lupeol caused a dose-dependent inhibition of cell
> > > growth as assessed by MTT assay and induction of apoptosis as assessed
> > > by flow cytometry,
>
> ...
>
> read more »- Hide quoted text -
>
> - Show quoted text -

Re: Pancreatic Cancer

On Apr 14, 11:46=C2=A0am, ironjustice <ironjust...@aol,com > wrote:
triterpenes <<

http :// www .caymanchem,com /app/template/Product.vm/catalog/70950/a/z

70950 Celastrol
(CAS 34157-83-0)

A variety of natural products from plant sources, particularly
flavonoids, have long been observed to have antioxidant activity with
potential benefits for human health.
Antioxidant triterpenes are less common.
Celastrol is a triterpenoid antioxidant compound isolated from the
Chinese Thunder of God vine (T. wilfordii).
In an isolated rat liver assay of lipid peroxidation, celastrol had an
IC50 value of 7 =C2=B5M, equivalent to about 15 times the antioxidant
potency of =CE=B1-tocopherol.

1 Fr=C3=A9mont, L., Belguendouz, L., Delpal, S. Antioxidant activity of
resveratrol and alcohol-free wine polyphenols related to LDL oxidation
and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Life Sci 64 2511-2521 (1999).
2 Johnson, J.L., Maddipati, K.R. Paradoxical effects of resveratrol
on the two prostaglandin H synthases. Prostaglandins and Other Lipid
Mediators 56 131-143 (1998).
3 Miller, N.J., Rice-Evans, C. Antioxidant activity of resveratrol in
red wine. Clin Chem 41 1789-1789 (1995).
4 Sassa, H., Takaishi, Y., Terada, H. The triterpene celastrol as a
very potent inhibitor of lipid peroxidation in mitochondria. Biochem
Biophys Res Commun 172(2) 890-897 (1990).


Who loves ya.
Tom


Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh


Man Is A Herbivore!
http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3


DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http :// tinyurl,com /zk9fk


> On Apr 14, 10:41=C2=A0am, "ironjust...@aol,com " <ironjust...@aol,com >
> wrote: triterpenes <<
>
> African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative
> medicines (AJTCAM), Vol 5, No 1 (2008)
>
> IN VIVO SCREENING OF ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY OF ACACIA MELLIFERA (BENTH)
> (LEGUMINOSAE) ON PLASMODIUM BERGHEI IN MICE
> Charles Mutai, Geoffrey Rukunga, Vassilios Roussis, Vagias Constatinos
>
> Abstract
>
> The activities of total extracts and lupane triterpenes, isolated from
> the stem bark of Acacia mellifera, were evaluated against Plasmodium
> berghei strain ANKA in a female Swiss mouse model.
> Five isolated compounds and the crude extracts were evaluated for
> antimalarial activity and Quinine hydrochloride was used as a positive
> control.
> Only betulin and the methanolic extract produced considerable
> antimalarial activity in mice infected with P. berghei parasites.
> This study demonstrated the presence of bioactive agents in Acacia
> mellifera.
>
> Who loves ya.
> Tom
>
> Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh
>
> Man Is A Herbivore! http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3
>
> DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http :// tinyurl,com /zk9fk
>
>
>
> > On Apr 14, 6:57 am, "ironjust...@aol,com " <ironjust...@aol,com > wrote:
> > TRITERPENOID <<
>
> > African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative
> > Medicines
> > African Ethnomedicines Network
> > ISSN: 0189-6016
> > Vol. 5, No. 1, 2008, pp. 56-60
> > Bioline Code: tc08010
> > Full paper language: English
> > Document available free of charge
>
> > African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative
> > Medicines, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2008, pp. 56-60
> > =C2=A0en DIRECT DETECTION OF TRITERPENOID SAPONINS IN MEDICINAL PLANTS
> > Kareru, P. G.; Keriko, J. M.; Gachanja, A. N. & Kenji, G. M.
> > Abstract
>
> > Direct detection of saponins in medicinal plants using Fourier
> > Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is reported in this paper.
> > Crude dry plant powders were mixed with potassium bromide (KBr) powder
> > and compressed to a thin pellet for infrared examination. FTIR spectra
> > of the test samples showed -OH, -C=3DO, C-H, and C=3DC absorptions
> > characteristic of oleanane triterpenoid saponins. The C-O-C
> > absorptions indicated glycoside linkages to the sapogenins.
> > Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of saponins in the
> > tested specimens. Entada leptostachya =C2=A0 =C2=A0was used as a referen=
ce
> > sample. Dry plant powder was extracted sequentially with hexane,
> > dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol. FTIR spectra of the
> > reference sample powder and its organic solvent extracts showed
> > characteristic saponin absorption peaks. These results indicated that
> > direct detection of saponins in medicinal plants was possible by
> > infrared analysis. Lengthy exhaustive chemical analyses necessary for
> > detection of saponins could be avoided.
> > Keywords
> > Medicinal plants, saponins, infrared spectra, potassium bromide,
> > glycoside.
>
> > (c) Copyright 2008 - African Journal Traditional, Complementary and
> > Alternative Medicines
> > Alternative site location: http :// www .africanethnomedicines,net /ojs2/inde=
x.php/ajtcam
>
> > Who loves ya.
> > Tom
>
> > Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh
>
> > Man Is A Herbivore! http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3
>
> > DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http :// tinyurl,com /zk9fk
>
> > > On Apr 13, 7:53 pm, "ironjust...@aol,com " <ironjust...@aol,com > wrote:=

> > > fruit and vegetable based triterpene <<
>
> > > Further Research On Resveratrol Shows Promise For Treatment Of
> > > Pancreatic Cancer
> > > Main Category: Cancer / Oncology
> > > Also Included In: Nutrition / Diet
> > > Article Date: 14 Apr 2008 - 2:00 PDT
>
> > > Baywood International, Inc. (OTCBB:BAYW) ("Company") announced that
> > > resveratrol, the antioxidant found in grape skins and red wine, can
> > > cripple the function of pancreatic cancer cells while sensitizing them=

> > > to chemotherapy, says new research. This study, published in March
> > > 2008 in Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, looked at the
> > > way the antioxidant may aid pancreatic cancer treatment and how it
> > > also contributes to the growing knowledge on the health benefits
> > > arising from ingredients of red wine.
>
> > > While disabling the function of the cancer cells by reaching and
> > > reacting with the mitochondria (the cell's energy source), researchers=

> > > found that when they were pre-treated with resveratrol before being
> > > irradiated, it resulted in a type of cell death called apoptosis. This=

> > > is an important goal of cancer therapy.
>
> > > According to Paul Okunieff, chief of radiation oncology at the
> > > University of Rochester Medical Centre, "Antioxidant research is very
> > > active and very seductive right now [and] the challenge lies in
> > > finding the right concentration and how it works inside the cell.
> > > Resveratrol seems to have a therapeutic gain by making tumor cells
> > > more sensitive to radiation and making normal tissue less sensitive."
>
> > > Okunieff began studying resveratrol as a tumor sensitizer, which is
> > > when the link to the mitochondria was uncovered. Researchers divided
> > > pancreatic cancer cells into two groups: cells treated without
> > > resveratrol then iodized, and ones treated with resveratrol at a
> > > relatively high dose of 50mg per ml before being iodized. The amount
> > > of resveratrol in red wine can vary between types of grapes and
> > > growing seasons, and ranges can be as high as 30 mg per ml. But the
> > > researchers said higher doses are expected to be safe as long as a
> > > physician monitors the patient. The study found that resveratrol
> > > reduced the function of proteins in the pancreatic cancer cell
> > > membranes responsible for pumping chemotherapy out of the cell,
> > > therefore making them more sensitive to the treatment. Additionally,
> > > the antioxidant triggered the production of reactive oxygen species
> > > (ROS), causing apoptosis, and depolarized the mitochondrial membranes,=

> > > indicating a decrease in the cell's potential to function. The
> > > researchers said the discovery is important because the mitochondria
> > > contains its own DNA and can continuously supply the cell with energy
> > > when functioning fully. Stopping the energy flow can therefore help
> > > stop cancer.
>
> > > Okunieff further stated that, "While additional studies are needed,
> > > this research indicated that resveratrol has a promising future as
> > > part of the treatment for cancer."
>
> > > The Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, Nutritional Specialties, Inc./
> > > dba LifeTime(R), launched Resveratrol Life Tonic(tm) in liquid form fo=
r
> > > enhanced bioavailability. The product's powerful antioxidant
> > > properties include 300 mg of resveratrol extract in each one ounce
> > > serving, which is equivalent to 1,300 glasses of red wine.(a)
>
> > > About Baywood
>
> > > Baywood International, Inc. (OTC BB: BYWD) ("Baywood") is a
> > > nutritional science company that develops, markets and sells
> > > nutraceutical and nutritionally enhanced products and new age
> > > beverages under its own brands. Baywood merges its expertise in
> > > nutritional formulation with its leverage in sales and distribution to=

> > > deliver the most effective and progressive products to market.
> > > Currently, Baywood's products are sold under three brands that are
> > > distributed into retail markets nationwide and internationally as
> > > follows:
>
> > > - LifeTime(R) - Available in independent and chain health food stores,=

> > > natural grocery stores, and other direct-to-consumer channels both
> > > internationally and domestically ( http :// www .lifetimevitamins,com )
>
> > > - Baywood PURECHOICE(R), Baywood SOLUTIONS(R) and Complete La Femme(R)=
-
> > > Available in independent and chain health food stores, natural grocery=

> > > stores, and other direct-to-consumer channels both internationally and=

> > > domestically ( http :// www .baywoodproducts,com )
>
> > > - Mamajuana Energy(tm) - Available in select convenience stores and ch=
ain
> > > stores nationwide ( http :// www .mamajuanaenergy,com )
>
> > > For more information, call (888) 350-0799, or for more information,
> > > visit Baywood's corporate website at http :// www .bywd,com .
>
> > > (a) These statements have not been evaluated by the Food & Drug
> > > Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure
> > > or prevent any disease. The contents of this press release are not
> > > meant to be incorporated into the Company's website.
>
> > > SOURCES: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2008;614:179-86=

> > > "Anti-cancer effect of resveratrol is associated with induction of
> > > apoptosis via a mitochondrial pathway alignment" Authors: Paul
> > > Okunieff, Weimin Sun, Wei Wang, Jung Kim, Shanmin Yang
>
> > > This press release may contain forward-looking statements, made in
> > > reliance upon Section 21D of the Exchange Act of 1934, which involve
> > > known and unknown risks, uncertainties or other factors that could
> > > cause actual results to differ materially from the results,
> > > performance, or expectations implied by these forward-looking
> > > statements. The Company's expectations, among other things, are
> > > dependent upon general economic conditions, continued demand for its
> > > products, the availability of raw materials, retention of its key
> > > management and operating personnel, its ability to operate its
> > > subsidiary companies effectively, need for and availability of
> > > additional capital as well as other uncontrollable or unknown factors
> > > which are more fully disclosed in the Company's Form 10-KSBs and 10-
> > > QSBs on file with the United States Securities and Exchange
> > > Commission.
>
> > > Baywood International, Inc.
>
> > > Who loves ya.
> > > Tom
>
> > > Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh
>
> > > Man Is A Herbivore! http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3
>
> > > DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http :// tinyurl,com /zk9fk
>
> > > > Carcinogenesis Advance Access
> > > > published online on June 15, 2005
> > > > Carcinogenesis, doi:10.1093/carcin/bgi157
>
> > > > MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CANCER PREVENTION
>
> > > > Lupeol, a fruit and vegetable based triterpene, induces apoptotic
> > > > death of human pancreatic
>
> ...
>
> read more =C2=BB- Hide quoted text -
>
> - Show quoted text -

Re: Pancreatic Cancer

On Apr 15, 10:50=C2=A0am, ironjustice <teamtan...@hotmail,com > wrote:
triterpenes <<

Sooo .. in theory .. the use of effective herbicides 'may' not be all
that good due to the fact these triterpenes seem to be created BECAUSE
of the insult FROM a pathogen .. they are the antibiotics of the
plant .. ?

Sooo .. again theoretically one could assault one's broccoli in the
garden with certain pathogens and it just might raise MORE than the
sulphur content of the broccoli .. ?

If the broccoli has the ability to create the triterpenes and not JUST
sulphur.

Somewhat like when yeast creates substances bacteriocidal
properties .. WHEN presented with a pathogen.

Sulphur is created as the plant's antibiotic.

Who loves ya.
Tom


Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh


Man Is A Herbivore!
http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3


DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http :// tinyurl,com /zk9fk




> On Apr 14, 11:46=C2=A0am, ironjustice <ironjust...@aol,com > wrote:
> triterpenes <<
>
> http :// www .caymanchem,com /app/template/Product.vm/catalog/70950/a/z
>
> 70950 =C2=A0Celastrol
> (CAS 34157-83-0)
>
> A variety of natural products from plant sources, particularly
> flavonoids, have long been observed to have antioxidant activity with
> potential benefits for human health.
> Antioxidant triterpenes are less common.
> Celastrol is a triterpenoid antioxidant compound isolated from the
> Chinese Thunder of God vine (T. wilfordii).
> In an isolated rat liver assay of lipid peroxidation, celastrol had an
> IC50 value of 7 =C2=B5M, equivalent to about 15 times the antioxidant
> potency of =CE=B1-tocopherol.
>
> 1 =C2=A0Fr=C3=A9mont, L., Belguendouz, L., Delpal, S. Antioxidant activity=
of
> resveratrol and alcohol-free wine polyphenols related to LDL oxidation
> and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Life Sci 64 2511-2521 (1999).
> 2 =C2=A0Johnson, J.L., Maddipati, K.R. Paradoxical effects of resveratrol
> on the two prostaglandin H synthases. Prostaglandins and Other Lipid
> Mediators 56 131-143 (1998).
> 3 =C2=A0Miller, N.J., Rice-Evans, C. Antioxidant activity of resveratrol i=
n
> red wine. Clin Chem 41 1789-1789 (1995).
> 4 =C2=A0Sassa, H., Takaishi, Y., Terada, H. The triterpene celastrol as a
> very potent inhibitor of lipid peroxidation in mitochondria. Biochem
> Biophys Res Commun 172(2) 890-897 (1990).
>
> Who loves ya.
> Tom
>
> Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh
>
> Man Is A Herbivore! http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3
>
> DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http :// tinyurl,com /zk9fk
>
>
>
> > On Apr 14, 10:41=C2=A0am, "ironjust...@aol,com " <ironjust...@aol,com >
> > wrote: triterpenes <<
>
> > African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative
> > medicines (AJTCAM), Vol 5, No 1 (2008)
>
> > IN VIVO SCREENING OF ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY OF ACACIA MELLIFERA (BENTH)
> > (LEGUMINOSAE) ON PLASMODIUM BERGHEI IN MICE
> > Charles Mutai, Geoffrey Rukunga, Vassilios Roussis, Vagias Constatinos
>
> > Abstract
>
> > The activities of total extracts and lupane triterpenes, isolated from
> > the stem bark of Acacia mellifera, were evaluated against Plasmodium
> > berghei strain ANKA in a female Swiss mouse model.
> > Five isolated compounds and the crude extracts were evaluated for
> > antimalarial activity and Quinine hydrochloride was used as a positive
> > control.
> > Only betulin and the methanolic extract produced considerable
> > antimalarial activity in mice infected with P. berghei parasites.
> > This study demonstrated the presence of bioactive agents in Acacia
> > mellifera.
>
> > Who loves ya.
> > Tom
>
> > Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh
>
> > Man Is A Herbivore! http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3
>
> > DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http :// tinyurl,com /zk9fk
>
> > > On Apr 14, 6:57 am, "ironjust...@aol,com " <ironjust...@aol,com > wrote:=

> > > TRITERPENOID <<
>
> > > African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative
> > > Medicines
> > > African Ethnomedicines Network
> > > ISSN: 0189-6016
> > > Vol. 5, No. 1, 2008, pp. 56-60
> > > Bioline Code: tc08010
> > > Full paper language: English
> > > Document available free of charge
>
> > > African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative
> > > Medicines, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2008, pp. 56-60
> > > =C2=A0en DIRECT DETECTION OF TRITERPENOID SAPONINS IN MEDICINAL PLANTS=

> > > Kareru, P. G.; Keriko, J. M.; Gachanja, A. N. & Kenji, G. M.
> > > Abstract
>
> > > Direct detection of saponins in medicinal plants using Fourier
> > > Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is reported in this paper.
> > > Crude dry plant powders were mixed with potassium bromide (KBr) powder=

> > > and compressed to a thin pellet for infrared examination. FTIR spectra=

> > > of the test samples showed -OH, -C=3DO, C-H, and C=3DC absorptions
> > > characteristic of oleanane triterpenoid saponins. The C-O-C
> > > absorptions indicated glycoside linkages to the sapogenins.
> > > Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of saponins in the
> > > tested specimens. Entada leptostachya =C2=A0 =C2=A0was used as a refer=
ence
> > > sample. Dry plant powder was extracted sequentially with hexane,
> > > dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol. FTIR spectra of the
> > > reference sample powder and its organic solvent extracts showed
> > > characteristic saponin absorption peaks. These results indicated that
> > > direct detection of saponins in medicinal plants was possible by
> > > infrared analysis. Lengthy exhaustive chemical analyses necessary for
> > > detection of saponins could be avoided.
> > > Keywords
> > > Medicinal plants, saponins, infrared spectra, potassium bromide,
> > > glycoside.
>
> > > (c) Copyright 2008 - African Journal Traditional, Complementary and
> > > Alternative Medicines
> > > Alternative site location: http :// www .africanethnomedicines,net /ojs2/in=
dex.php/ajtcam
>
> > > Who loves ya.
> > > Tom
>
> > > Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh
>
> > > Man Is A Herbivore! http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3
>
> > > DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http :// tinyurl,com /zk9fk
>
> > > > On Apr 13, 7:53 pm, "ironjust...@aol,com " <ironjust...@aol,com > wrot=
e:
> > > > fruit and vegetable based triterpene <<
>
> > > > Further Research On Resveratrol Shows Promise For Treatment Of
> > > > Pancreatic Cancer
> > > > Main Category: Cancer / Oncology
> > > > Also Included In: Nutrition / Diet
> > > > Article Date: 14 Apr 2008 - 2:00 PDT
>
> > > > Baywood International, Inc. (OTCBB:BAYW) ("Company") announced that
> > > > resveratrol, the antioxidant found in grape skins and red wine, can
> > > > cripple the function of pancreatic cancer cells while sensitizing th=
em
> > > > to chemotherapy, says new research. This study, published in March
> > > > 2008 in Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, looked at the=

> > > > way the antioxidant may aid pancreatic cancer treatment and how it
> > > > also contributes to the growing knowledge on the health benefits
> > > > arising from ingredients of red wine.
>
> > > > While disabling the function of the cancer cells by reaching and
> > > > reacting with the mitochondria (the cell's energy source), researche=
rs
> > > > found that when they were pre-treated with resveratrol before being
> > > > irradiated, it resulted in a type of cell death called apoptosis. Th=
is
> > > > is an important goal of cancer therapy.
>
> > > > According to Paul Okunieff, chief of radiation oncology at the
> > > > University of Rochester Medical Centre, "Antioxidant research is ver=
y
> > > > active and very seductive right now [and] the challenge lies in
> > > > finding the right concentration and how it works inside the cell.
> > > > Resveratrol seems to have a therapeutic gain by making tumor cells
> > > > more sensitive to radiation and making normal tissue less sensitive.=
"
>
> > > > Okunieff began studying resveratrol as a tumor sensitizer, which is
> > > > when the link to the mitochondria was uncovered. Researchers divided=

> > > > pancreatic cancer cells into two groups: cells treated without
> > > > resveratrol then iodized, and ones treated with resveratrol at a
> > > > relatively high dose of 50mg per ml before being iodized. The amount=

> > > > of resveratrol in red wine can vary between types of grapes and
> > > > growing seasons, and ranges can be as high as 30 mg per ml. But the
> > > > researchers said higher doses are expected to be safe as long as a
> > > > physician monitors the patient. The study found that resveratrol
> > > > reduced the function of proteins in the pancreatic cancer cell
> > > > membranes responsible for pumping chemotherapy out of the cell,
> > > > therefore making them more sensitive to the treatment. Additionally,=

> > > > the antioxidant triggered the production of reactive oxygen species
> > > > (ROS), causing apoptosis, and depolarized the mitochondrial membrane=
s,
> > > > indicating a decrease in the cell's potential to function. The
> > > > researchers said the discovery is important because the mitochondria=

> > > > contains its own DNA and can continuously supply the cell with energ=
y
> > > > when functioning fully. Stopping the energy flow can therefore help
> > > > stop cancer.
>
> > > > Okunieff further stated that, "While additional studies are needed,
> > > > this research indicated that resveratrol has a promising future as
> > > > part of the treatment for cancer."
>
> > > > The Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, Nutritional Specialties, Inc.=
/
> > > > dba LifeTime(R), launched Resveratrol Life Tonic(tm) in liquid form =
for
> > > > enhanced bioavailability. The product's powerful antioxidant
> > > > properties include 300 mg of resveratrol extract in each one ounce
> > > > serving, which is equivalent to 1,300 glasses of red wine.(a)
>
> > > > About Baywood
>
> > > > Baywood International, Inc. (OTC BB: BYWD) ("Baywood") is a
> > > > nutritional science company that develops, markets and sells
> > > > nutraceutical and nutritionally enhanced products and new age
> > > > beverages under its own brands. Baywood merges its expertise in
> > > > nutritional formulation with its leverage in sales and distribution =
to
> > > > deliver the most effective and progressive products to market.
> > > > Currently, Baywood's products are sold under three brands that are
> > > > distributed into retail markets nationwide and internationally as
> > > > follows:
>
> > > > - LifeTime(R) - Available in independent and chain health food store=
s,
> > > > natural grocery stores, and other direct-to-consumer channels both
> > > > internationally and domestically ( http :// www .lifetimevitamins,com )
>
> > > > - Baywood PURECHOICE(R), Baywood SOLUTIONS(R) and Complete La Femme(=
R) -
> > > > Available in independent and chain health food stores, natural groce=
ry
> > > > stores, and other direct-to-consumer channels both internationally a=
nd
> > > > domestically ( http :// www .baywoodproducts,com )
>
> > > > - Mamajuana Energy(tm) - Available in select convenience stores and =
chain
> > > > stores nationwide ( http :// www .mamajuanaenergy,com )
>
> > > > For more information, call (888) 350-0799, or for more information,
> > > > visit Baywood's corporate website at http :// www .bywd,com .
>
> > > > (a) These statements have not been evaluated by the Food & Drug
> > > > Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cur=
e
> > > > or prevent any disease. The contents of
>
> ...
>
> read more =C2=BB- Hide quoted text -
>
> - Show quoted text -

Re: Pancreatic Cancer

On Apr 15, 11:38=C2=A0am, ironjustice <teamtan...@hotmail,com > wrote:
triterpenoid antioxidant <<

I would almost bet this is a .. triterpenoid antioxidant ..

--------------------------------------------

New study shows Dermytol produces pronounced decrease in malignant
melanoma tumor volume

A new study presented at the Experimental Biology Annual Meeting, held
April 5-9, 2008, in San Diego, California, USA showed that a
proprietary blend extracted from canola, Dermytol=C2=99, produces a
pronounced reduction of malignant melanoma cell growth. Dermytol=C2=99, a
proprietary compound developed by KGK Synergize Inc., a biotechnology
company in Ontario Canada, is designed to protect skin cells from
damage that may lead to skin cancer.

Mal Evans, scientific director of KGK Synergize Inc., said, "Skin
cancer rates have been rising, and we are likely to see that continue
as the population ages. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) estimates
that more than 62,000 Americans will be diagnosed with melanoma and
one million Americans will be diagnosed with nonmelanoma skin cancer
this year. NCI expects more than 8,000 deaths from melanoma and less
than 1,000 deaths from nonmelanoma cancers this year.

"Dermytol has the potential to be used in anti-aging and sun-
protection products to reduce damage to skin. Results of preclinical
trials in animals have been promising leading to human trials now
running in both Canada and the United States."

In the most recent study, male mice were fed either a Dermytol-canola
oil mixture or just canola oil. In a separate part of the study,
researchers applied either a Dermytol cream or a placebo cream onto
the shaved skin of a different group of mice. After seven days of
treatment, all of the mice were injected with malignant melanoma tumor
cells. Dermytol or placebo treatments continued for 25 days.

The mice in both Dermytol groups benefited from their treatments.
Compared wth the controls, the orally treated mice showed an average
decrease in tumor size by about 45%. The mice receiving the topical
treatment benefited even more with a 61% decrease in tumor volume.

In this study and previous preclinical studies, Dermytol produced no
adverse effects.

In a laboratory cell culture study, Dermytol inhibited the
proliferation of human cancer cells.

In another study, dietary supplementation with Dermytol moderately
delayed the onset of skin tumors and significantly reduced tumor
growth rate in mice treated to induce nonmelanoma skin cancers.

A trial involving 45 subjects with actinic keratoses--precancerous
skin lesions--is under way. "The current treatment for actinic
keratoses is removal by freezing, which can be painful, or the
application of a cream that causes inflammation and blistering of the
skin," said Evans. "We expect Dermytol to be a welcome option."

Source: http :// www .eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-04/sc-nss040308.php#


Who loves ya.
Tom


Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh


Man Is A Herbivore!
http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3


DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http :// tinyurl,com /zk9fk






> On Apr 15, 10:50=C2=A0am, ironjustice <teamtan...@hotmail,com > wrote:
> triterpenes <<
>
> Sooo .. in theory .. the use of effective herbicides 'may' not be all
> that good due to the fact these triterpenes seem to be created BECAUSE
> of the insult FROM a pathogen .. they are the antibiotics of the
> plant .. ?
>
> Sooo .. again theoretically one could assault one's broccoli in the
> garden with certain pathogens and it just might raise MORE than the
> sulphur content of the broccoli .. ?
>
> If the broccoli has the ability to create the triterpenes and not JUST
> sulphur.
>
> Somewhat like when yeast creates substances bacteriocidal
> properties .. WHEN presented with a pathogen.
>
> Sulphur is created as the plant's antibiotic.
>
> Who loves ya.
> Tom
>
> Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh
>
> Man Is A Herbivore! http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3
>
> DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http :// tinyurl,com /zk9fk
>
>
>
> > On Apr 14, 11:46=C2=A0am, ironjustice <ironjust...@aol,com > wrote:
> > triterpenes <<
>
> > http :// www .caymanchem,com /app/template/Product.vm/catalog/70950/a/z
>
> > 70950 =C2=A0Celastrol
> > (CAS 34157-83-0)
>
> > A variety of natural products from plant sources, particularly
> > flavonoids, have long been observed to have antioxidant activity with
> > potential benefits for human health.
> > Antioxidant triterpenes are less common.
> > Celastrol is a triterpenoid antioxidant compound isolated from the
> > Chinese Thunder of God vine (T. wilfordii).
> > In an isolated rat liver assay of lipid peroxidation, celastrol had an
> > IC50 value of 7 =C2=B5M, equivalent to about 15 times the antioxidant
> > potency of =CE=B1-tocopherol.
>
> > 1 =C2=A0Fr=C3=A9mont, L., Belguendouz, L., Delpal, S. Antioxidant activi=
ty of
> > resveratrol and alcohol-free wine polyphenols related to LDL oxidation
> > and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Life Sci 64 2511-2521 (1999).
> > 2 =C2=A0Johnson, J.L., Maddipati, K.R. Paradoxical effects of resveratro=
l
> > on the two prostaglandin H synthases. Prostaglandins and Other Lipid
> > Mediators 56 131-143 (1998).
> > 3 =C2=A0Miller, N.J., Rice-Evans, C. Antioxidant activity of resveratrol=
in
> > red wine. Clin Chem 41 1789-1789 (1995).
> > 4 =C2=A0Sassa, H., Takaishi, Y., Terada, H. The triterpene celastrol as =
a
> > very potent inhibitor of lipid peroxidation in mitochondria. Biochem
> > Biophys Res Commun 172(2) 890-897 (1990).
>
> > Who loves ya.
> > Tom
>
> > Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh
>
> > Man Is A Herbivore! http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3
>
> > DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http :// tinyurl,com /zk9fk
>
> > > On Apr 14, 10:41=C2=A0am, "ironjust...@aol,com " <ironjust...@aol,com >
> > > wrote: triterpenes <<
>
> > > African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative
> > > medicines (AJTCAM), Vol 5, No 1 (2008)
>
> > > IN VIVO SCREENING OF ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY OF ACACIA MELLIFERA (BENTH)=

> > > (LEGUMINOSAE) ON PLASMODIUM BERGHEI IN MICE
> > > Charles Mutai, Geoffrey Rukunga, Vassilios Roussis, Vagias Constatinos=

>
> > > Abstract
>
> > > The activities of total extracts and lupane triterpenes, isolated from=

> > > the stem bark of Acacia mellifera, were evaluated against Plasmodium
> > > berghei strain ANKA in a female Swiss mouse model.
> > > Five isolated compounds and the crude extracts were evaluated for
> > > antimalarial activity and Quinine hydrochloride was used as a positive=

> > > control.
> > > Only betulin and the methanolic extract produced considerable
> > > antimalarial activity in mice infected with P. berghei parasites.
> > > This study demonstrated the presence of bioactive agents in Acacia
> > > mellifera.
>
> > > Who loves ya.
> > > Tom
>
> > > Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh
>
> > > Man Is A Herbivore! http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3
>
> > > DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http :// tinyurl,com /zk9fk
>
> > > > On Apr 14, 6:57 am, "ironjust...@aol,com " <ironjust...@aol,com > wrot=
e:
> > > > TRITERPENOID <<
>
> > > > African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative
> > > > Medicines
> > > > African Ethnomedicines Network
> > > > ISSN: 0189-6016
> > > > Vol. 5, No. 1, 2008, pp. 56-60
> > > > Bioline Code: tc08010
> > > > Full paper language: English
> > > > Document available free of charge
>
> > > > African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative
> > > > Medicines, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2008, pp. 56-60
> > > > =C2=A0en DIRECT DETECTION OF TRITERPENOID SAPONINS IN MEDICINAL PLAN=
TS
> > > > Kareru, P. G.; Keriko, J. M.; Gachanja, A. N. & Kenji, G. M.
> > > > Abstract
>
> > > > Direct detection of saponins in medicinal plants using Fourier
> > > > Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is reported in this paper.
> > > > Crude dry plant powders were mixed with potassium bromide (KBr) powd=
er
> > > > and compressed to a thin pellet for infrared examination. FTIR spect=
ra
> > > > of the test samples showed -OH, -C=3DO, C-H, and C=3DC absorptions
> > > > characteristic of oleanane triterpenoid saponins. The C-O-C
> > > > absorptions indicated glycoside linkages to the sapogenins.
> > > > Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of saponins in the
> > > > tested specimens. Entada leptostachya =C2=A0 =C2=A0was used as a ref=
erence
> > > > sample. Dry plant powder was extracted sequentially with hexane,
> > > > dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol. FTIR spectra of the
> > > > reference sample powder and its organic solvent extracts showed
> > > > characteristic saponin absorption peaks. These results indicated tha=
t
> > > > direct detection of saponins in medicinal plants was possible by
> > > > infrared analysis. Lengthy exhaustive chemical analyses necessary fo=
r
> > > > detection of saponins could be avoided.
> > > > Keywords
> > > > Medicinal plants, saponins, infrared spectra, potassium bromide,
> > > > glycoside.
>
> > > > (c) Copyright 2008 - African Journal Traditional, Complementary and
> > > > Alternative Medicines
> > > > Alternative site location: http :// www .africanethnomedicines,net /ojs2/=
index.php/ajtcam
>
> > > > Who loves ya.
> > > > Tom
>
> > > > Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http :// tinyurl,com /2r2nkh
>
> > > > Man Is A Herbivore! http :// tinyurl,com /a3cc3
>
> > > > DEA